Trypetheliopsis
Trypetheliopsis Asahina, J. Jap. Bot. 13: 319 (1937).
Index Fungorum number: IF 5627; Facesoffungi number: FoF 08084, 8 morphological species (Species Fungorum 2022), 1 species with molecular data.
Lichenized on bark or leaves, in tropical regions. Sexual morph: Thallus corticate, olive-green to brownish. Photobiont Trentepohlia. Ascomata scattered or rarely pseudostromatic, erumpent to prominent, brown-black and carbonaceous or rarely with orange-red pigment, ostiolate, ostiole apical. Involucrellum present, carbonized. Excipulum dense, consisting of compressed hyphae, appearing prosoplectenchymatous in thin, bleached sections, brown to brown-black. Hamathecium comprising hyaline, straight, branched and anastomosing, usually inspersed paraphyses. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical, short pedicellate, with broad, non-amyloid ocular chamber and fluorescent cap-structures. Ascospores irregularly arranged, oval oblong, typically slightly curved, hyaline, uniseptate, large, with internal, needle-shaped crystals. Asexual morph: Conidiomata campylidiiform, brown, black or rarely with orange-red pigment. Conidia acrogenous, microconidia, aseptate, drop-shaped, small, hyaline, aggregated in gelatinous mass. Chemistry: Secondary substances absent except for unidentified red pigment in the type and in T. coccinea (adapted from Hongsanan et al. 2020b).
Type species: Trypetheliopsis boninensis Asahina
Notes: Trypetheliopsis is characterised by corticate, olive-green to brownish thallus, erumpent to prominent, brown-black ascomata, brown to brown-black dense exciple, fissitunicate, cylindrical, short pedicellate asci and slightly curved, hyaline, uniseptate ascospores. The asexual morph is characterised by campylidiiform, brown black conidiomata, acrogenous, microconidia, and aseptate conidia. An unidentified red pigment is reported in the type, Trypetheliopsis boninensis and in T. coccinea (Hongsanan et al. 2020b). Kashiwadani et al. (2009) resurrected Trypetheliopsis and considered it as an earlier name for Musaespora based on morphological resemblance with Musaespora coccinea namely the orange-red pigment. Hongsanan et al. (2020b) studied the type of Trypetheliopsis and other material in detail and provided an updated description. Trypetheliopsis has distinctly fusiform ascospores with a submedian septum similar to some species of Megalotremis. Hongsanan et al. (2020b) reported two types of conidiomata namely red pycnidia and dark red campylidia from newly collected specimen (Kashiwadani 52239 & Moon, TNS). Trypetheliopsis boninensis is congeneric with Musaespora and can be differentiated from the type M. corticola (= T. gigas) in having a sessile ascomata while the latter has conspicuous, strongly pigmented ascomata. T. coccinea also produces similar pigment as T. boninensis but can be differentiated in having a foliicolous lifestyle, verrucose thallus and erumpent to conspicuous, solitary ascomata (Hongsanan et al. 2020b). Trypetheliopsis is a distinct genus in Monoblastiaceae. Molecular data is available for only one species Trypetheliopsis kalbii (LSU, SSU, TEF-1 and mtSSU). More collections with molecular data are needed to confirm the taxonomic placement.
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