Lichenothelia scopularia
Lichenothelia scopularia (Nyl.) D. Hawksw., Lichenologist 13(2): 147 (1981).
≡ Verrucaria scopularia Nyl., Not. Sällsk. Fauna et Fl. Fenn. Förh., Ny Ser. 3: 85 (1861).
Index Fungorum number: IF 112068; Facesoffungi number: FoF 11936, Fig. 1
Description: see Etayo (2010); Hyde et al. (2013); Muggia et al. (2015).
Material considered: see Etayo (2010); Hyde et al. (2013); Muggia et al. (2015).
Fig. 1 Morphological and anatomical characters of Lichenothelia spp. (re-illustrated from Hyde et al. 2013). Thallus of a L. scopularia (Obermayer 1252, GZU000303500). b L. calcarea (Knudsen 11749, 62127 UCR1). c L. intermixta (Knudsen 13472, UCR-220508). d L. tenuissima (Knudsen 10406, UCR-197485). e L. convexa (Knudsen 12452, 1304 KK64); Transverse section of ascoma, with asci and ascospores of f L. scopularia. g L. calcarea. h L. tenuissima. i L. intermixta. j, k Asci of L. scopularia containing eight mature spores. l, m Asci of L. tenuissima containing young (l) and mature (m) ascospores. n Ascus of L. intermixta containing eight mature ascospores; ascospores of o L. calcarea. p–s L. scopularia. t–w L. intermixta. x L. tenuissima. Scale bars: a–c, e = 300 μm, d = 1 mm, f–i = 20 μm, j–o =10 μm, p–x = 5 μm.
Importance and distribution
Rock-inhabiting Lichenothelia species such as L. convexa are likely saprobic. Some taxa are parasitic on lichens, associated with epilithic algae or grow loosely associated with algae as borderline lichens. Some taxa such as L. renobalesiana and L. spiratispora are obligatory lichenicolous fungi. Lichenothelia comprises thirteen species known on lichen thallus, on rocks, Acarospora sphaerospora (Acarosporaceae) and Verrucaria marmorea (Verrucariaceae). Lichenothelia is distributed in Africa (Libya), Antarctica, Asia (Iran, North European Russia), Europe (Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Spain) and the United States (California).
References
Atienza V, Hawksworth D. 2008 – Lichenothelia renobalesiana sp. nov. (Lichenotheliaceae), for a lichenicolous ascomycete confused with Polycoccum opulentum (Dacampiaceae). The Lichenologist 40, 87–96.
Etayo J. 2010 – Líquenes y hongos liquenícolas de Aragón. Guineana 16, 1–501.
Hawksworth DL. 1981 – Lichenothelia, a new genus for the Microthelia aterrima group. Lichenologist 13, 141–153, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0024282981000182.
Henssen A. 1987 – Lichenothelia, a genus of microfungi on rocks. In: Peveling E (ed) Progress and problems in lichenology in the eighties. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 25. J. Cramer, Berlin-Stuttgart, pp. 257–293.
Hyde KD, Jones EBG, Liu JK, Ariyawansa H et al. 2013 – Families of Dothideomycetes. Fungal Diversity 63, 1–313.
Kocourková J, Knudsen K. 2011 – Lichenological notes 2: Lichenothelia convexa, a poorly known rock-inhabiting and lichenicolous fungus. Mycotaxon 115, 345–351.
Muggia L, Kocourková J, Knudsen K. 2015 – Disentangling the complex of Lichenothelia species from rock communities in the desert. Mycologia 107, 1233–1253.
Valadbeigi T, Schultz M, Von Brackel W. 2016 – Two new species of Lichenothelia (Lichenotheliaceae) from Iran. The Lichenologist 48, 191–199. doi:10.1017/S0024282916000104
Zhurbenko MP. 2008 – A new species from the genus Lichenothelia (Ascomycota) from the Northern Ural. Mikologiya i Fitopatologiya 42, 240–243.
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