Hysteriales » Hysteriaceae » Rhytidhysteron

Rhytidhysteron brasiliense

Rhytidhysteron brasiliense Speg., Anal. Soc. cient. argent. 12(4): 188 (1881).

           Index Fungorum number: IF 432014; Facesoffungi number: FoF 00370, Fig. 1

Description: see Yacharoen et al. (2015).

Material considered: see Yacharoen et al. (2015).

Fig. 1 Rhytidhysteron brasiliense (S-F113846, modified from Fig. 18 in Yacharoen et al. 2015). a Group of apothecia on specimen. b Section through ascomata. c Peridium. d Pseudoparaphyses. e Asci with ascospores. f, g Ascospores. Scale bars: b = 2000 μm, c = 30 μm, d = 2 μm, e = 10 μm, f, g = 5 μm.

Importance and distribution

Species of Rhytidhysteron are saprobic and help in decomposition of organic matter maintaining the nutrient cycle. Some taxa are pathogenic to humans and cause infection mainly through traumatic inoculation resulting in swollen lesions on extremities such as nodules of the hand (Mudhigeti et al. 2018). Rhytidhysteron comprises 21 species known on several host plants such as branches of Celtis tala (Cannabaceae), Prosopis juliflora (Fabaceae), Tectona grandis (Lamiaceae), Chromolaena odorata (Asteraceae), mangrove (Rhizophoraceae), Scutia indica (Rhamnaceae), Bruguiera (Rhizophoraceae), Opuntia fulgida (Cactaceae) amongst others. Rhytidhysteron has a wide geographical distribution such as Asia (China, India, Indonesia, Thailand), South America (Argentina, Brazil, Colombia) and the United States (Arizona, Texas).

 

Biochemical importance of the genus, chemical diversity or applications

Rhytidhysteron produces a wide range of chemicals such as (±)-Rhytidhymarins A and B, two pairs of isocoumarin derivatives (Zhang et al. 2021), melanin (Chander et al. 2016), oxygenated chromones (Chokpaiboon et al. 2016), Rhytidenones A–F, Spirobisnaphthalenes (Pudhom and Teerawatananond 2014), Rhytidhyesters A – D which are chlorinated cyclopentene derivatives (Zhang et al. 2021b) amongst others.

 

References

Almeida D, Gusmao L, Miller A. 2014 – A new genus and three new species of hysteriaceous ascomycetes from the semiarid region of Brazil. Phytotaxa 176, 298–308.

Barr ME. 1987 – Prodromus to class Loculoascomycetes. Amherst, Massachusetts, University of Massachusetts, USA

Boehm EWA, Mugambi G, Miller AN, Huhndorf S et al. 2009a – A molecular phylogenetic reappraisal of the Hysteriaceae, Mytilinidiaceae and Gloniaceae (Pleosporomycetidae, Dothideomycetes) with keys to world species. Studies in Mycology 64, 49–83.

Boehm EWA, Schoch CL, Spatafora JW. 2009b – On the evolution of the Hysteriaceae and Mytilinidiaceae (Pleosporomycetidae, Dothideomyceetes, Ascomycota) using four nuclear genes. Mycological Research 113, 461–479.

Chander J, Singla N, Kundu R, Handa U, Chowdhary A. 2017 – Phaeohyphomycosis Caused by Rhytidhysteron rufulum and Review of Literature. Mycopathologia 182(3-4), 403–407.

Chokpaiboon S, Choodej S, Boonyuen N, Teerawatananond T, Pudhom K. (2016). Highly oxygenated chromones from mangrove-derived endophytic fungus Rhytidhysteron rufulum. Phytochemistry 122, 172–177.

Clements FE, Shear CL. 1931 – The genera of fungi. Wilson, New York.

Erikson OE. 2006 – Outline of Ascomycota. Myconet 12, 1–88.

Hyde KD, Jones EBG, Liu JK, Ariyawansa H et al. 2013 – Families of Dothideomycetes. Fungal Diversity 63, 1–313.

Kutorga E, Hawksworth DL. 1997 – A re-assessment of the genera referred to the family Patellariaceae (Ascomycota). Systema Ascomycetum 15, 1–110.

Mudhigeti N, Patnayak R, Kalawat U, Yeddula S. 2018 – Subcutaneous Rhytidhysteron Infection: A Case Report from South India with Literature Review. Cureus 10, e2406.

Pudhom K, Teerawatananond T, Chookpaiboon S. 2014 – Spirobisnaphthalenes from the mangrove-derived fungus Rhytidhysteron sp. AS21B. Marine Drugs 6,12, 1271–80.

Samuels GJ, Müller E. 1979 – Life-History Studies of Brazilian Ascomycetes. 7. Rhytidhysteron rufulum and the genus Eutryblidiella. Sydowia 31, 277–291.

Schoch CL, Crous PW, Groenewald JZ, Boehm EWA et al. 2009 – A class-wide phylogenetic assessment of Dothideomycetes. Studies in Mycology 64, 1–15.

Spegazzini C. 1881 – Fungi Argentini Additis Nonnullis Brasiliensibus Montevideensibusque. In DC Berg, EE Clerici, A Silva, EL Arribavzaga, PD Valle (Eds.), Anales de la Sociedad Clentífica Argentina. De Pablo E. Coni, Agentina, 188–189.

Von Arx JA, Müller E. 1975 – A re-evaluation of the bitunicate Ascomycetes with keys to families and genera. Studies in Mycology 9, 1–159.

Wijayawardene NN, Crous PW, Kirk PM, Hawksworth DL et al. 2014 – Naming and outline of Dothideomycetes–2014 including proposals for the protection or suppression of generic names. Fungal Diversity 69, 1–55.

Yacharoen S, Tian Q, Chomnunti P, Boonmee S et al. 2015 – Patellariaceae revisited. Mycosphere 6, 290–326.

Zhang S, Chen D, Kuang M, Peng W et al. 2021 – Rhytidhylides A and B, Two New Phthalide Derivatives from the Endophytic Fungus Rhytidhysteron sp. BZM-9. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 26(20), 6092.

 

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