Hysterium pulicare
Hysterium pulicare Pers., Neues Mag. Bot. 1: 85 (1794).
Index Fungorum number: IF 162287; Facesoffungi number: FoF 00006, Fig. 1
Description:
Lignicolous. Sexual morph: Ascomata few, scattered, black, thick-walled, carbonaceous hysterothecial, distinctly navicular in outline, having a definite longitudinal slit, carbonaceous. Hysterothecia 224–230 μm diam., 150–160 μm, high erumpent to superficial, solitary, or gregarious, ellipsoid to elongated. Peridium 23–30 μm, in vertical section, three-layered comprising small pseudoparenchymatous cells and textura globulosa, the outer layer heavily pigmented and longitudinally striated, the middle layer lightly pigmented and the inner layer distinctly thin-walled, hyaline and compressed. Hamathecium 2.5–3.0 μm, comprising cellular, hypha-like hyaline, septate, pseudoparaphyses, embedded in a gelatinuous matrix. Asci 85−105 × 20−23 µm (x̄ = 94.5 × 22.5 µm, n = 10), 8-spored, clavate to cylindrical at maturity, fissitunicate, with a distinct ocular chamber. Ascospores 23−25 × 5−8.9 µm (x̄ = 24.5 × 8.1 µm, n = 10), phragmospores 3 transverse-septate, slightly constricted at the septum, pigmented versicolorous, pale colored at the ends, bipolar asymmetric, overlapping bi-seriate, obovoid to clavate, ellipsoid or fusoid. Asexual morph: Unknown.
Material examined: The United States, South Carolina, Mountain rest, on bark of living tree, M.L. Diller Lohman, 11 June 1936 (BISH 610237).
Fig. 1 Hysterium pulicare (BISH 610237). a, b Herbarium material. c Section
through ascoma. d Peridium. e Cellular pseudoparaphyses. f–h Asci. i–m Ascospores. Scale bars: c = 100 μm, d, e = 20 μm, f–h = 50 μm, i–m = 10 μm.
Importance and distribution
There are 223 Hysterium epithets in Index Fungorum (2022), but several species have been transferred to other genera such as Anteaglonium, Xylographa, Colpoma, Lophodermium, Gloniella and Mytilinidion. Hysterium comprises 47 species known on several host plants such as Aesculus hippocastanum (Sapindaceae), Alnus glutinosa (Betulaceae), Betula alba (Betulaceae), Erica arborea (Ericaceae), Picea abies (Pinaceae), Pinus ponderosa (Pinaceae), Quercus pubescens (Fagaceae), Rubus fruticosus (Rosaceae), Scutia buxifolia (Rhamnaceae) and Streblus asper (Moraceae). Hysterium has a worldwide distribution.
References
Boehm EWA, Mugambi GKM, Miller AN, Huhndorf SM et al. 2009 – A molecular phylogenetic reappraisal of the Hysteriaceae, Mytilinidiaceae and Gloniaceae (Pleosporomycetidae, Dothideomycetes) with keys to world species. Studies in Mycology 64, 49–83.
Checa J, Shoemaker RA, Umaña L. 2007 – Some new hysteriaceous fungi from Costa Rica. Mycologia 99, 285–290.
Hyde KD, Jones EBG, Liu JK, Ariyawansa H et al. 2013 – Families of Dothideomycetes. Fungal Diversity 63, 1–313.
Lohman ML. 1933 – Hysteriaceae: Life histories of certain species. Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 17, 229–288.
Messuti MI, Lorenzo LE. 1997 – A new species of Hysterium from Patagonia, Argentina. Mycological Research 101, 302–304.
Persoon CH. 1797– Tentamen dispositionis methodicae Fungorum 1–76.
Teng SC. 1933 – Notes on Hysteriales from China. Sinensia 4, 129–144.
Tode HJ. 1784 – Beschreibung des Venusschwammes (Hysterium). Schriften Berl Ges Naturforschender Freunde 5, 53–55.
Zogg H. 1962 – Die Hysteriaceae s. str. und Lophiaceae, unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der mitteleuropäischen Formen. Beiträge zur Kryptogamenflora der Schweiz Band 11, 1–190.
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