Gloniopsis
Gloniopsis De Not., G. bot. ital. 2(7–8): 12, 23 (1847).
Index Fungorum number: IF 2090; Facesoffungi number: FoF 08055, 30 morphological species (Species Fungorum 2022), 9 species with molecular data.
Saprobic on host. Sexual morph: Ascomata hysterothecioid, globose to subglobose in vertical section, solitary to gregarious, erumpent to superficial with base immersed, straight to flexuous, simple to rarely branched, ellipsoid or elongated with blunt to pointed extremes, opening by a depressed longitudinal slit. Peridium consisting of three layers, up to 70 µm in diameter, pseudoparenchymatous, outer layer dark, carbonaceous, inner layer hyaline, compressed, middle layer consisting of 1–2 rows of thick-walled, brown cells between outer and inner layers. Pseudoparaphyses cellular, hyaline, septate, flexuous, branched, numerous. Asci bitunicate, cylindric to clavate, stipitate, 8-spored. Ascospores ellipsoid, hyaline to yellowish, with 5–7 transverse septa and 1–2 longitudinal septa, slightly constricted at the transverse septa, with a gelatinous sheath. Asexual morph: Unknown (adapted from Boehm et al. 2009).
Type species: Gloniopsis decipiens De Not.
Notes: De Notaris (1847) initially did not designate a type for the genus Gloniopsis. Clements and Shear (1931) chose G. decipiens as the lectotype, following Höhnel (1918). Talbot (1951) reported G. levantica from South Africa which is now synonymous with G. praelonga. Zogg (1962) regarded G. decipiens as a doubtful taxon and suggested G. praelonga as the type species. Zogg (1962) also chose a specimen which he considered as a precise synonym of G. decipiens, due to loss of the original lectotype. Zogg (1962) synonymized several epithets under the type species, G. praelonga and accepted only one species, namely G. curvata characterised by relatively smaller ascospores. Zogg (1962) also considered G. argentinensis as a doubtful taxon while Lorenzo and Messuti (1998) synonymized G. argentinensis under G. praelonga. Barr (1990) and Cash (1939) suggested to synonymize Gp. curvata under the earlier name G. smilacis. Amano (1983) defined a further two species of Gloniopsis from Japan, viz. Gp. macrospora and G. constricta, the latter was transferred to Hysterobrevium by Boehm et al. (2009). Gloniopsis is characterised by hysterothecioid, globose to subglobose ascomata, cellular, hyaline, septate pseudoparaphyses, and ellipsoid, hyaline to yellowish ascospores with 5–7 transverse septa and 1–2 longitudinal septa surrounded by a gelatinous sheath. Boehm et al. (2009) reviewed Gloniopsis and accepted only seven species based on morphology and phylogeny and reported that the genus is polyphyletic. Boehm et al. (2009) emended Gloniopsis, to include both hyaline and pigmented dictyospores and transferred G. smilacis to Hysterobrevium based on phylogenetic analysis. Gloniopsis differs from other genera in Hysteriaceae in having hyaline and dictyosporous ascospores. Gloniopsis is currently a distinct genus in Hysteriaceae. Molecular markers available for Gloniopsis are ITS, LSU, RPB2, SSU and TEF-1.
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