Glonium stellatum
Glonium stellatum Muhl. ex Fr., Syst. mycol. (Lundae) 2(2): 595 (1823).
Index Fungorum number: IF 146781; Facesoffungi number: FoF 06171, Fig. 1
Description:
Saprobic on bark. Sexual morph: Ascomata 150–250 μm diam., 195–220 μm high, hysterothecial, carbonaceous, black, scattered, contiguous, semi-immersed to superficial, subiculum or without, with a longitudinal slit at the median, quadrilateral, not branching to dichotomously branching. Exciple 50–90 μm comprising textura angularis, with an outer layer composed of black to dark reddish, thick-walled cells and inner layer of hyaline, thin-walled cells. Hamathecium 1.3–2.0 μm comprising hyaline, filiform, hypha-like, dense, septate pseudoparaphyses, embedded in a gelatinous matrix. Asci 105−115 × 10−12 µm (x̄ = 111.8 × 11.7 µm, n = 10), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, subcylindrical to cylindro-clavate, apically rounded, with an ocular chamber, with a short furcate pedicel. Ascospores 20−27 × 5.2−5.4 µm (x̄ = 25.3 × 5.3 µm, n = 10), overlapping 1–2-seriate, hyaline, 1-septate, constricted at the transverse septa, upper cell wider than the lower cell, with a gelatinous sheath, smooth-walled. Asexual morph: Unknown.
Material examined: USA, New York, Tompkins, Ithaca, Cayuga Lake Basin, on Oak wood (Fagaceae), 16 January 1887, Morgan Andrew (CUP-A-015484).
Fig. 1 Glonium stellatum (CUP-A-015484). a–d Herbarium material. e
Section through ascoma. f Peridium. g Cellular pseudoparaphyses. h–k Asci. l–o Ascospores. Scale bars: c = 5000 μm, d–f, h–k = 50 μm, g, l–o = 20 μm.
Importance and distribution
Species of Glonium are lignicolous. Lignicolous fungi are responsible for wood decay and forest ecosystems organic matter reintegration (Lonsdale et al. 2008). There are 98 Glonium epithets in Index Fungorum (2022), but many have been transferred to other genera such as Anteaglonium, Byssolophis, Delphinella, Ericboehmia, Hysterographium, Lophiosphaera, Melaspilea, Psiloglonium and Xyloglyphis. Glonium comprises 36 species known on several host plants in Amaranthaceae, Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Lauraceae, Marantaceae, Poaceae and Rosaceae. Glonium has a worldwide distribution.
References
Boehm EWA, Mugambi G, Miller AN, Huhndorf S et al. 2009 – A molecular phylogenetic reappraisal of the Hysteriaceae, Mytilinidiaceae and Gloniaceae (Pleosporomycetidae, Dothideomycetes) with keys to world species. Studies in Mycology 64, 49–83.
Doilom M, Hyde KD, Phookamsak R, Dai DQ et al. 2018 – Mycosphere Notes 225–274: types and other specimens of some genera of Ascomycota. Mycosphere 9, 647–754.
Jayasiri SC, Hyde KD, Jones EBG, Ariyawansa HA et al. 2017 – A new hysteriform Dothideomycete (Gloniaceae, Pleosporomycetidae Incertae sedis), Purpurepithecium murisporum gen. et sp. nov. on pine cone scales. Cryptogamie Mycologie 38, 241–251.
Lonsdale D, Pautasso M, Holdenrieder O. 2008 – Wood-decaying fungi in the forest: conservation needs and management options. European Journal of Forest Research 127, 1–22.
Luttrell ES. 1953 – Development of the ascocarp in Glonium stellatum. American Journal of Botany 40, 626–633.
Zogg H. 1962 – Die Hysteriaceae s. str. und Lophiaceae, unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der mitteleuropäischen Formen. Beiträge zur Kryptogamenflora der Schweiz Band 11, 1–190.
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