Glonium
Glonium Mühl., Cont. Lab. Plant Disease Sci. Fac. Agric. Gifu Univ.101 (1813).
= Solenarium Spreng., Syst. veg. 4(1): 376, 414 (1827).
= Psiloglonium Höhn., Annls. mycol. 16(1): 149 (1918).
Index Fungorum number: IF 561180; Facesoffungi number: FoF 02167, 36 morphological species (Species Fungorum 2022), 3 species with molecular data.
Saxicolous, terricolous or lignicolous on bark, wood or soil. Sexual morph: Ascomata hysterothecia, carbonaceous to coriaceous, black, scattered, contiguous, semi-immersed to superficial, subiculum or without, with a longitudinal slit at the median, quadrilateral, not branching to dichotomously branching. Exciple composed of a textura angularis, comprising of two cell layers, outer layer comprising black to dark reddish, thick-walled cells, inner layer comprising hyaline, thin-walled cells. Hamathecium comprising hyaline, filiform, hypha-like, dense, septate pseudoparaphyses, embedded in a gelatinous matrix. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, subcylindrical to cylindro-clavate, apically rounded, with an ocular chamber, with a short furcate pedicel. Ascospores overlapping 1–2-seriate, hyaline, uniseptate, constricted at the transverse septa, upper cell wider than the lower cell, with a gelatinous sheath, smooth-walled. Asexual morph: asteromella-like (adapted from Doilom et al. 2018).
Type species: Glonium stellatum Muhl. ex Fr.
Notes: Glonium is characterised by adapted hysterothecia, gradually dichotomously branched, horizontally anastomosed along their length to form radiating flabelliform or pseudostellate composites, typically seated upon a conspicuous brown felt-like subiculum, occasionally borne in a stroma (Zogg 1962). The ascocarp in the type species, G. stellatum were described by Luttrell (1953) as consisting of small pseudoparenchymatous cells, the external layer heavily covered with pigment and frequently longitudinally striate on the surface, the middle layer lighter in pigmentation and the inner layer clearly thin-walled, pallid and compressed. The genus Glonium was transferred from Hysteriaceae to Gloniaceae and listed as family incertae sedis within the Pleosporomycetidae (Boehm et al. 2009). Jayasiri et al. (2018) placed Glonium in family Gloniaceae, order Gloniales. Currently, Glonium is a morphologically and phylogenetically distinct genus in Gloniaceae. Molecular markers available for Glonium are ITS, LSU, SSU, RPB2 and TEF-1.
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