Arthrographis kalrae
Arthrographis kalrae (R.P. Tewari & Macph.) Sigler & J.W. Carmich. [as 'kalrai'], Mycotaxon 4(2): 360 (1976).
≡ Oidiodendron kalrae R.P. Tewari & Macph. [as 'kalrai'], Mycologia 63(3): 603 (1971).
Index Fungorum number: IF 309023; Facesoffungi number: FoF 11926, Fig. 1
Description: see Kang et al. (2010); López et al. (2014); Giraldo et al. (2013).
Material considered: see Kang et al. (2010); López et al. (2014); Giraldo et al. (2013).
Fig. 1 Arthrographis kalrae (≡ Oidiodendron kalrae ATCC 18434, re-drawn from Fig. 3, 4 in Tiwari and Macpherson 1971). a, Hyphae bearing conidiophores with several chains of conidia. Scale bars: = ×1600.
Importance and distribution
Sugiura and Hironaga (2010) reported a case of onychomycosis due to Arthrographis kalrae, which was isolated from soil. Arthrographis sp. produces laccase enzyme useful in bleaching of dye, bioremediation such as degradation of pollutants and xenobiotics, food industry such as bakery, beer and wine and synthesis of chemicals as well as construction of the cathode for fuel cells (Sonawane 2011). Arthrographis also produces xylanase and various enzymes (Okeke and Obi 1992). Xi et al. (2020) reported ethmoid sinusitis and ophthalmitis caused by Arthrographis kalrae in China. Arthrographis curvata is a promising fungal lipase producer for biotechnological applications (Aamri et al. 2020). One species Arthrographis cuboidea has been transferred to Scytalidium. Arthrographis comprises eleven species known from marine sediment and human nails in Europe (Spain), human urine, human sputum, bronchial wash, human foot in The United States (Florida, New York, Texas, Utah respectively), on wood chips and bark of Coniferae, in galleries of Ips latidens, in Pinus contorta var. latifolia (Pinaceae) in South America (Canada) and Vitis sp. (Vitaceae) in Asia (China).
References
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Arx JA von. 1978 – Notes on Microascaceae with the description of two new species. Persoonia 10, 23–31.
El Aamri L, Hafidi M, Scordino F, Krasowska A et al. 2020 – Arthrographis curvata and Rhodosporidium babjevae as New Potential Fungal Lipase Producers for Biotechnological Applications. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 63, 4.
Gené J, Guillamón JM, Ulfig K, Guarro J. 1996 – Studies on keratinophilic fungi. X. Arthrographis alba sp. nov. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 42, 1185–1189.
Giraldo López A, Gené J, Sutton D, Madrid H, Cano J, Crous P, Guarro J. 2014 – Phylogenetic circumscription of Arthrographis (Eremomycetaceae, Dothideomycetes). Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 32, 102–114.
Hoog GS de, Guarro J, Gené J, Figueras MJ. 2011– Atlas of clinical fungi. CD-ROM version 3.1. CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Kang HJ, Sigler L, Lee J, Gibas CFC, Yun SH, Lee YW. 2010 – Xylogone ganodermophthora sp. nov., an ascomycetous pathogen causing yellow rot on cultivated mushroom Ganoderma lucidum in Korea. Mycologia 102, 1167–1184.
Malloch D, Cain RF. 1971 – Four new genera of cleistothecial Ascomycetes with hyaline ascospores. Canadian Journal of Botany 49, 847–854.
Malloch D, Sigler L. 1988 –The Eremomycetaceae (Ascomycotina). Canadian Journal of Botany 66, 1929–1932.
Okeke BC. Obi SK. 1992 – Preliminary studies on a xylanase from an Arthrographis species. FEMS Microbiology Letters 96, 43–47.
Oorschot CV, de Hoog GS. 1984 – Some hyphomycetes with thallic conidia. Mycotaxon 20, 129–132.
Sigler L, Carmichael JW. 1976 – Taxonomy of Malbranchea and some other Hyphomycetes with arthroconidia. Mycotaxon 4, 349–488.
Sigler L, Carmichael JW. 1983 – Redisposition of some fungi referred to Oidium microspermum and a review of Arthrographis. Mycotaxon 18, 495–507.
Sigler L, Dunn MT, Carmichael JW. 1982 – Arthrocristula and Arthropsis, two new Hyphomycetes with dematiaceous arthroconidia. Mycotaxon 15, 409–419.
Sugiura Y, Hironaga M. 2010 – Arthrographis kalrae, a rare causal agent of onychomycosis, and its occurrence in natural and commercially available soils. Medical mycology 48, 384–389.
Tewari RP, Macpherson CR. 1971 – A New Dimorphic Fungus, Oidiodendron kalrai: Morphological and Biochemical Characteristics. Mycologia 63, 602–611. https://doi.org/10.2307/3757556
Xi L, Fukushima K, Lu C, Takizawa K, Liao R, Nishimura K. 2004 – First case of Arthrographis kalrae ethmoid sinusitis and ophthalmitis in the People's Republic of China. Journal of clinical microbiology 42, 4828–4831.
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