Leptorhaphis oxyspora
Leptorhaphis oxyspora (Nyl.) Körb., Syst. lich. germ. (Breslau): 371 (1855).
≡ Verrucaria oxyspora Nyl., Bot. Notiser: 179 (1852).
Index Fungorum number: IF 393549; Facesoffungi number: FoF 04651, Fig. 1
Description: see Doilom et al. (2018).
Material considered: see Doilom et al. (2018).
Fig. 1 Leptorhaphis epidermidis (H 7503, syntype). a Herbarium label and specimen. b, c Appearance of black ascomata on host surface. d Vertical section through ascoma. e Peridium. f Asci with ascospores. Scale bars: b, c = 5 mm, d = 100 µm, e, f = 10 µm.
Importance and distribution
Species of Leptorhaphis are lichenicolous and form obligate associations with lichens. They are saprotrophs that colonize dead lichen thalli, or parasites and receive fixed carbon from living lichen hosts (Hawksworth 1988). There are 31 Leptorhaphis epithets in Index Fungorum (2022), but several species have been transferred to Capronia, Celothelium, Leptosillia, Mycoglaena, Mycoporopsis, Mycoporum, Myxophora, Naetrocymbe, Rhaphidicyrtis, Rhytidiella and Sarcopyrenia. Leptorhaphis is known on several hosts such as Betula sp. (Betulaceae), Fraxinus excelsior (Oleaceae), Ilex sp. (Aquifoliaceae), on apothecia of Haematomma hilare (Haematommataceae), bark of Opuntia maxima (Cactaceae), trunk of Corylus avellana (Betulaceae), trunk of Nothofagus solanderi (Nothofagaceae) and Populus sp. (Salicaceae). Leptorhaphis is reported from Europe (Spain, Italy, Sweden, United Kingdom) and New Zealand.
References
Aguirre-Hudson B, Farkas E, Lokös L. 2002 – Pyrenolichens of the Hungarian lichen flora I. the genus Leptrorhaphis Körber. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 82, 3–18.
Aguirre-Hudson B, Fiol L. 1993 – A new species of Leptorhaphis (Arthopyreniaceae) on Opuntia from the Balearic Islands. Lichenologist 25, 207–210.
Aguirre-Hudson B, Hawksworth DL. 1987 – The circumscription, biology and relationships of the genus Leptrorhaphis Körber. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 25, 249–255.
Aguirre-Hudson B. 1991 – A taxonomic study of the species referred to the ascomycete genus Leptorhaphis. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) 21, 85–192.
Aguirre-Hudson B. 2009 – Leptorhaphis. In: Smith CW, Aptroot A, Coppins BJ, Fletcher A, Gilbert OL, James PW, Wolseley PA (eds.). The Lichens of Great Britain and Ireland. British Lichen Society, London, pp. 551–553.
Doilom M, Hyde KD, Phookamsak R, Dai DQ et al. 2018 – Mycosphere Notes 225–274: types and other specimens of some genera of Ascomycota. Mycosphere 9, 647–754.
Harris RC. 1973 – The corticolous pyrenolichens of the Great Lakes Region. The Michigan Botanist 12, 3–68.
Harris RC. 1995 – More Florida Lichens. Including the 10¢ Tour of the Pyrenolichens. Publ. by the Author, Bronx.
Hawksworth DL. 1988 – The variety of fungal-algal symbioses, their evolutionary significance, and the nature of lichens. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 96, 3–20.
Kalb K, Hafellner J, Staiger B. 1995 – Haematomma-Studien II. Lichenicole Pilze auf Arten der Flechtengattung Haematomma. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 59, 199–222.
Swinscow TDV. 1965 – Pyrenocarpous Lichens 9. Lichenologist 3, 72–83.
Vainio EA. 1921 – Lichenographia Fennica I. - Pyrenolichenes iisque proximi Pyrenomycetes et Lichenes imperfecti. - Acta Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica 49, 1–274.
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