Allosoma
Allosoma Syd., Annls mycol. 24(5/6): 353 (1926).
= Acrodesmis Syd., Annls mycol. 24(5/6): 424 (1926) (Thambugala et al. 2014).
Index Fungorum number: IF 143; Facesoffungi number: FoF 08927, 4 morphological species (Species Fungorum 2022), no molecular data available.
Parasitic or saprobic on leaves and wood in terrestrial habitats. Sexual morph: Ascomata superficial, sub-circular, uni or multi-loculate, appressed hyphal peridium, branched, septate, dark brown to black, with papillae-like outgrowth in the central region. Hamathecium lacking pseudoparaphyses. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, globose-subglobose, thick-walled, apedicellate, without a well-developed ocular chamber. Ascospores multi-seriate, broadly ellipsoid, ends rounded, brown to dark brown, uniseptate, constricted at the septum, smooth-walled. Asexual morph: hyphomycetous, “Acrodesmis”. Conidiophores formed on sexual ascoma, erect, straight or flexuous, some branched at the apex, septate, thick-walled, smooth-walled. Conidiogenous cells polyblastic, integrated, terminal, sympodial, oblong, brown to dark brown and rough. Conidia ellipsoid to oblong, rounded at the apex, slightly tapered at the base, aseptate, hyaline and smooth-walled (adapted from Thambugala et al. 2014).
Type species: Allosoma cestri Syd.
Notes: Allosoma is characterised by sub-circular, uni- or multi-loculate ascomata, globose-subglobose, thick-walled, apedicellate asci and broadly ellipsoid, brown to dark brown, uniseptate ascospores. The asexual morph is characterised by elongate, dark brown conidiophores, polyblastic, integrated, oblong, brown to dark brown conidiogenous cells and ellipsoid to oblong, hyaline and smooth-walled conidia. Arx (1963) referred Allosoma to Myriangiales. Sivanesan (1984) placed Allosoma in Englerulaceae, Capnodiales. Lumbsch and Huhndorf (2010) listed Allosoma under Dothideomycetes, genera incertae sedis. Thambugala et al. (2014) re-examined the type specimen of Allosoma (GZU157-80) and referred the genus to Englerulaceae based on the septate, irregularly to reticulately branched hyphae, non-ostiolate ascomata, hamathecium lacking pseudoparaphyses, obovoid to subclavate asci and broadly ellipsoid to subobovoid, uniseptate, ascospores which are constricted at the septum. Sydow (1926) described the asexual morph of Allosoma cestri as Acrodesmis cestri found on the same host Cestrum macrophyllum. Ellis (1967) transferred Acrodesmis cestri to Mycosphaerellaceae as Periconiella cestri. Thambugala et al. (2014) also observed the asexual morph Acrodesmis cestri state (Periconiella cestri) on the same herbarium specimen but they could not prove that both are the same fungus due to lack of molecular data. Thambugala et al. (2014) synonymized Acrodesmis cestri (Periconiella cestri) under Allosoma cestri based on morphology. Allosoma is a distinct genus in Englerulaceae but fresh collections with DNA sequence data are needed to confirm this taxonomic placement.
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