Yoshinagaia
Yoshinagaia Henn., Hedwigia 43: 143 (1904).
≡ Japonia Höhn., Sber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math. - naturw. Kl., Abt. 1 118: 879 (1909).
Index Fungorum number: IF 5859; Facesoffungi number: FoF 00136, 1 morphological species (Species Fungorum 2022), no molecular data available
Saprobic on host. Sexual morph: Ascomata superficial, epiphyllous, discoid, separate or sometimes aggregated, dark-brown, unilocular, opening by irregular rupture, connected to the host by a comparatively short foot-like basal stroma. Mycelium partly immersed, partly superficial below the ascoma, pale brown to hyaline, branched, septate, with the immersed mycelium penetrating deeper into the mesophyll region of the host tissues. Peridium thick composed of many layers of dark-brown, thick-walled pseudoparenchymatic cells forming a textura angularis. Hamathecium absent. Asci cylindrical, short-stalked, 8-spored, fissitunicate. Ascospores hyaline, aseptate, smooth, ovoid. Asexual morph: Conidiomata pycnidial, superficial, epiphyllous, globose to discoid, separate, dark brown, unilocular, with a wall of dark-brown, pseudoparenchymatous cells forming a textura angularis, opening by irregular rupture. Mycelium partly immersed and partly superficial in the teleomorph. Conidiophores hyaline, unbranched, septate, smooth, with acrogenous conidia formed from the base and sides of pycnidial and stroma walls when both the teleomorph and asexual morph are formed together inside it. Conidiogenous cells holoblastic, determinate, integrated, cylindrical, hyaline, smooth. Conidia 2-euseptate, median cell longer and guttulate, navicular, thin-walled, smooth, base truncate, apex extended into a single cellular irregularly branched appendage. The teleomorph and asexual morph develop together with asci and conidiophores lying side by side inside a stroma (adapted from Sivanesan & Hsieh 1995).
Type species: Yoshinagaia quercus Henn.
Notes: Yoshinagaia is characterised by scattered, erumpent ascostromata, 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical asci and hyaline, aseptate, oval to oblong ascospores. Höhnel (1909) studied part of the holotype specimen deposited in Berlin and reported three different fungi on the specimen. They were Yoshinagaia and two other coelomycetes which he described as Japonia quercus Höhn. Hennings (1904) first placed Yoshinagaia in Coccoideaceae. Coccoideaceae comprised species similar to Yoshinagaia in ascomatic configuration but differs in having multilocular ascomata with apical ostioles and brown, uniseptate ascospores. Hara (1912) examined the type material but did not find Yoshinagaia. However, he reported a new coelomycete which he described as Yoshinagomyces Hara with Y. quercus as type species and mentioned Yoshinagaia quercus Henn. as its synonym. Hara (1927) introduced a new genus Monoloculia with M. quercus as type species for the teleomorph of Japonia quercus. Hara (1927) mentioned Yoshinagaia quercus as a synonym of Japonia quercus. Farr et al. (1979) accepted Yoshinagaia as a synonym of Yoshinagomyces. Eriksson and Hawksworth (1986) did not agree with this treatment because Hara (1912) considered Yoshinagaia as ‘pro parte’ when he mentioned it as a synonym of Yoshinagomyces and therefore this synonymy is rejected. Eriksson and Hawksworth (1986) reported that Yoshinagaia quercus Henn. is heterogeneous and comprised three different fungi belonging to Coccoidella, Yoshinagomyces and Kusanoa. To date, Yoshinagaia was accepted as a valid genus based on the proof provided by Eriksson and Hawksworth (1986). Eriksson and Hawksworth (1993) referred Yoshinagaia to Seuratiaceae based on the ascostromatic structure. Seuratia, the type species of Seuratiaceae has a different asexual morph, Atichia Flot. which is a hyphomycete. Yoshinagaia resembles members of Seuratiaceae in having similar ascomatal characters but differs in lacking gelatinous thallus, the asci are not scattered irregularly rather formed in one layer with monoascaceous locules in a parenchymatic tissue and ascospores are not multiseptate or dictyoseptate. Sivanesan and Hsieh (1995) discussed the similarity in morphology between Bagnisiella and Yoshinagaia and placed Yoshinagaia in Dothioraceae based on ascomatal, hamathecial, ascus and ascospores characters. Sivanesan and Hsieh (1995) reported Yoshinagaia from Taiwan on leaves of Cyclobalanopsis morii (IMI 352811). Thambugala et al. (2014) studied Yoshinagaia quercus (IMI 348745) collected from leaves of Cyclobalanopsis morii by W.H. Hsieh which Thambugala et al. (2014) mentioned as the holotype. The specimen observed by Thambugala et al. (2014) seems to be the same specimen of Sivanesan and Hsieh (1995) and not the holotype, as the original material of Yoshinagaia quercus was collected on leaves of Quercus glauca (Fagaceae) in Honshu, Japan by Yamasaki and Fukodome in February 1902, as Yoshinaga No. 18 (Hennings 1904). We examined a specimen of Yoshinagaia quercus found on leaves of Quercus glauca (Fagaceae) in Seto Inland Sea Japan and designate it as a reference specimen based on same host and location as the holotype material which apparently is in FH herbarium (FH 00301627). Lumbsch and Huhndorf (2010) in outline of Ascomycota, listed Yoshinagaia in Dothioraceae. Thambugala et al. (2014) excluded Yoshinagaia from Dothideales and placed it in Dothideomycetes genera incertae sedis as it is atypical of any existing family of Dothideomycetes. We follow Thambugala et al. (2014) and retain Yoshinagaia in Dothideomycetes genera incertae sedis until fresh collections with molecular data are obtained.
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