Scolionema
Scolionema Theiss. & Syd., Annls mycol. 15(6): 410 (1918) [1917].
Index Fungorum number: IF 4961; Facesoffungi number: FoF 12473, 1 morphological species (Species Fungorum 2022), no molecular data available.
Parasitic on living leaves. Sexual morph: Colonies up to 5 mm diameter, subcircular to irregular, superficial hyphae erect, dense, radiating outwards, flexuous, unbranched, septate, dark brown. Ascomata superficial, gregarious or solitary, seated on a subiculum, subglobose, carbonaceous and slightly brittle, black, with apical ostiole, covered by dark brown hyphae. Peridium exceeding 100 µm diameter, comprising dark brown to black cells of textura angularis and mixed with carbonaceous matter. Pseudoparaphyses, flexuous, filiform and hyaline. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, subglobose to broadly obovoid, short pedicellate. Ascospores 3–4-seriate, conglobate, broadly ellipsoidal to sub-fusiform, with upper cell slightly wider than the lower, uniseptate, constricted at the septum, hyaline, smooth-walled. Asexual morph: Unknown (adapted from Boonmee et al. 2017).
Type species: Scolionema palmarum (Kunze & Fr.) Theiss. & Syd.
Notes: Scolionema is characterised by superficial, gregarious or solitary ascomata, bitunicate, subglobose to broadly obovoid, short pedicellate asci and conglobate, broadly ellipsoidal to sub-fusiform ascospores. Theissen and Sydow (1917) placed Scolionema in Polystomellaceae based on ascomatal characters. The taxonomic placement of Scolionema underwent many changes in recent years (Arx & Müller 1975, Boonmee et al. 2017). Eriksson et al. (2001) treated Scolionema in Parodiopsidaceae (currently known as Perisporiopsidaceae). Lumbsch and Huhndorf (2010), Hyde et al. (2013) and Kirk et al. (2013) listed Scolionema in Perisporiopsidaceae. Boonmee et al. (2017) examined the isotype specimen of S. palmarum (MICH 14695) and referred Scolionema to Dothideomycetes genera, incertae sedis based on morphology. Molecular data is unavailable. Fresh collections with DNA sequence data are needed to confirm the systematic position of Scolionema.
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