Scleroconidioma
Scleroconidioma Tsuneda, Currah & Thormann, Can. J. Bot. 78(10): 1295 (2000).
Index Fungorum number: IF 28452; Facesoffungi number: FoF 12467, 1 morphological species (Species Fungorum 2022), 1 species with molecular data and molecular data available for some unnamed species.
Hyphae light to dark brown, septate, branched, often penetrating into host tissues; sclerotic cells developing by division of terminal or intercalary hyphal cells, darkly pigmented, thick walled; stromata forming by the aggregation of adjacent masses of sclerotic cells, black, irregular in shape. Sexual morph: Unknown. Asexual morph: Conidiogenous cells found rarely on stromata from host, squat ampulliform, papillate. Conidia hyaline, one-celled, bacilliform. On CMAD, colonies dark brown to greenish brown with a narrow white margin, smooth when young, becoming somewhat flocculose with age. Hyphae, mostly submerged in young cultures, light to dark brown, smooth or sometimes rough surfaced, septate. Aerial hyphae abundant in older cultures, erect, septate, branched, at the base light brown, straight or sometimes moniliform, becoming hyaline, tapered, arising from sclerotic cells or more commonly from submerged hyphae in a small cluster, forming shiny white tufts. Masses of sclerotic cells abundant in young colonies, light brown when actively dividing but soon becoming dark brown to black. Stromata, consisting of many sclerotic cells, black, subglobose, often aggregating to form large and lobate clumps. Conidiogenous cells either newly developing from or by conversion of pre-existing surface cell layer of the stromata, squat ampulliform, papillate, having a single conidiogenous locus below papilla inside the cell. Conidia bacilliform, hyaline, one-celled, extruded in succession from a central pore in the papilla. Conidia also arising from hyphae, either hyaline or variously pigmented; hyaline conidia indistinguishable from those produced on conidiomata in shape and size, developing blastically from more or less rod-shaped conidiogenous cells, often appearing annellate, pigmented conidia variable in shape, size, and degree of pigmentation, commonly fusiform, clavate or spathulate, one-celled or occasionally two or more celled, arising singly and directly from hyphal cells or sympodially from peg-shaped conidiogenous cells (adapted from Tsuneda et al. 2000).
Type species: Scleroconidioma sphagnicola Tsuneda, Currah & Thormann
Notes: Scleroconidioma is characterised by ampulliform, papillate conidiogenous cells, hyaline, one-celled, bacilliform conidia, erect, septate, branched aerial hyphae, light brown masses of sclerotic cells, and subglobose, often aggregating black stromata. Wijayawardene et al. (2017, 2020) listed Scleroconidioma in Dothideomycetes genera incertae sedis. Cultures and sequences are available for the type (UAMH 9731). More collections with DNA sequence data are needed to confirm the systematic position of Scleroconidioma.
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