Pleomerium
Pleomerium Speg., Physis, Rev. Soc. Arg. Cienc. Nat. 4(no. 17): 284 (1918).
Index Fungorum number: IF 4217; Facesoffungi number: FoF 00751, 1 morphological species (Species Fungorum 2022), no molecular data available.
Epiphytes on the lower surface of leaves. Superficial hyphae branched, septate, darker at each septum, brown, lacking hyphopodia and hyphal setae. Sexual morph: Ascomata superficial, solitary on superficial hyphae, easily removed, subglobose to globose, surrounded and covered by hyphae, thin-walled. Peridium thin, membranous, comprising brownish to dark brown, interwoven cells when viewed in squash mounts. Hamathecium lacking pseudoparaphyses. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, obovoid to subglobose, short pedicel or absent, ocular chamber not well developed. Ascospores 3–4-seriate, hyaline to brown, oblong to fusiform, muriform, 4–8 transverse septa, 1–2 longitudinal septa, not constricted but darker at septa, surrounded and covered by mucilage, smooth-walled. Asexual morph: Conidia oblong, 1-celled (adapted from Rehm 1901 & Hongsanan et al. 2015).
Type species: Pleomerium fuscoviridescens (Rehm) Speg.
Notes: Pleomerium is characterised by superficial hyphae, subglobose to globose ascomata, obovoid to subglobose asci with a short pedicel and hyaline to brown, oblong to fusiform, muriform ascospores with 4–8 transverse septa, 1–2 longitudinal septa. Rehm (1901) introduced Pleomeliola fuscoviridescens as Limacinia fuscoviridescens. Spegazzini (1918) placed Pleomerium in Englerulaceae. Lumbsch and Huhndorf (2010) and Kirk et al. (2013) listed Pleomerium in Meliolaceae. Pleomerium differs from members of Meliolales in having superficial hyphae lacking hyphopodia, bitunicate asci, and muriform ascospores (Hongsanan et al. 2015). Hongsanan et al. (2015) examined the holotype specimen of P. fuscoviridescens and reported that it differs from members of Meliolales. Hongsanan et al. (2015) suggested that Pleomerium might belong to Englerulaceae based on its membranous ascomata, few asci and absence of ostiole dissolving at center to release bitunicate asci. Hongsanan et al. (2015) treated Pleomerium in Dothideomycetes genera, incertae sedis since molecular data is lacking. Fresh collections with DNA sequence data are needed to confirm the systematic position of Pleomeliola.
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