Neothyriopsis
Neothyriopsis Crous, in Crous et al., Stud. Mycol. 94: 202 (2019).
Index Fungorum number: IF 832028; Facesoffungi number: FoF 12340, 1 morphological species (Species Fungorum 2022), 1 species with molecular data.
Saprobic on host. Sexual morph: Ascostromata scutellate to conical, suborbicular, irregularly tuberculate, subcuticular, black, producing coralloid, hyaline haustoria in the epidermal cells, guard cells, cells surrounding the stomatal cavity and the first layer of mesophyll; uni- to multilocular, opening by irregular apical fissures exposing the ascospores; upper wall stromatic, composed of several layers of dark brown flattened, thick-walled cells; basal wall well developed, composed of two layers of cells, the outer layer composed of pale brown, relatively thin-walled cells, which extend laterally for some distance beyond the base of the upper wall as an intracuticular, unicellular layer of radially elongated, hyaline cells, and an inner layer. Asci parallel on the basal wall between hyaline, deliquescent pseudoparaphyses, broadly clavate, wall thickened, especially at the apex, bitunicate, deliquescing before spore maturation. Ascospores hyaline when immature, becoming dark brown, thick-walled, subglobose to globose, finely verrucose, medianly uniseptate. Asexual morph: Unknown (adapted from Marasas 1966, Crous et al. 2019).
Type species: Neothyriopsis sphaerospora (Marasas) Crous
Notes: Neothyriopsis is characterised by scutellate to conical, suborbicular ascostromata, broadly clavate, thick-walled asci and hyaline, dark brown, thick-walled, subglobose to globose, finely verrucose, medianly uniseptate ascospores. Neothyriopsis differs from Thyriopsis which opens by linear fissures, at times Y-shaped, asci are bitunicate, 8-spored, ascospores are ellipsoidal, uniseptate, with cells of nearly equal size, rounded at the ends, highly constricted at the septa, and hyaline to yellowish (Arx and Müller 1975, Crous et al. 2019). Ascostromata of Neothyriopsis resemble members of Thyriopsis in having upper walls comprising numerous layers of stromatic cells, and a basal wall of two cell layers. Neothyriopsis also has well developed haustoria, while in Thyriopsis this is lacking. Only ITS sequence data is available for Neothyriopsis. More taxa with DNA sequence data are needed to confirm the systematic position of Neothyriopsis.
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