Echinothecium
Echinothecium Zopf, Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop. -Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 70(4): 250 (1898).
Index Fungorum number: IF 1738; Facesoffungi number: FoF 12202, 3 morphological species (Species Fungorum 2022), no molecular data available.
Saprobic on host. Sexual morph: Thallus superficial, composed of thick brown often anastomosing hyphae. Ascomata globose, ostiolate, provided with stiff, simple, appendages. Asci 8-spored, sessile, lacking paraphyses. Ascospores 2-celled, hyaline, oval, the upper cell slightly wider than the lower cell. Asexual morph: Unknown (adapted from Chomnunti et al. 2011).
Type species: Echinothecium reticulatum Zopf
Notes: Echinothecium is characterised by superficial thallus, globose, ostiolate ascomata, and 2-celled, hyaline, oval ascospores. Clements and Shear (1931) designated E. reticulatum Zopf as the lectotype. Calatayud et al. (2002) wrongly identified Lichenostigma cosmopolites as Echinothecium reticulatum as it has ascomata with septate seta-like hyphae and more resembles Parmelia sensu stricto. Etayo (2008) placed E. reticulatum in Sphaerellothecium as S. reticulatum based on morphology. Chomnunti et al. (2011) re-examined the syntypes of S. reticulatum (K(M) 171135, 171136) and considered Sphaerellothecium as a synonym of Echinothecium. Chomnunti et al. (2011) transferred Echinothecium in Mycosphaerellaceae. Wijayawardene et al. (2020) and Hongsanan et al. (2020b) listed Echinothecium in Dothideomycetes genera incertae sedis. Fresh collections with DNA sequence data are needed to confirm the generic placement of Echinothecium and verify the synonymy of Echinothecium to that of Sphaerellothecium.
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