Clavariopsis
Clavariopsis De Wild., Ann. Soc. Belge Microscop. 19: 200 (1895).
Non, Clavariopsis Holterm. 1898 (Basidiomycetes).
Index Fungorum number: IF 7692; Facesoffungi number: FoF 12166, 4 morphological species (Species Fungorum 2022), no molecular data available.
Saprobic on host. Sexual morph: Unknown. Asexual morph: Mycelium partly immersed, partly superficial, composed of hyaline septate hyphae forming flat stromatic discs, comprising brown thick-walled cells. Conidiophores arise directly from cells of the stroma, very short, simple, hyaline each bearing a terminal conidium which protrudes out at right angles into the water. Conidia elongated, club-shaped with a hyaline structure, growing out of the round, dark, thick-walled stromatic cell. Distal part becomes globose, with three small bud-like protuberances appearing simultaneously, equidistant from one another from around the crown of the main axis and elongate and diverge. Content of the developing conidium is uniform. The mature conidium consists of a main axis, continuous with the short conidiophore and of three divergent arms forming a whorl at the crown of the axis. A septum is always present behind the swollen crown. The septum is not very distinct in fresh specimen and developed soon after the arms grow. Mature conidia develop a 2-3 septate main axis. The conidium is released as soon as it is fully grown by separation of the cross wall between the conidia and its conidiophore. Detached conidia become heavily vacuolated, each conidiophore produces a single holoblastic conidium and there is no proliferation or regeneration of the conidiogenous cells. The spent conidiophore is truncate as soon as the conidium is released but soon becomes conical and eventually devoid of protoplasm and collapsed. Conidia germinate in water by forming germ-tubes from the tips of the arms and elongation of the basal appendages (adapted from description of Clavariopsis azlanii in Nawawi 1987).
Type species: Clavariopsis aquatica De Wild.
Notes: Clavariopsis is characterised by partly immersed, partly superficial mycelium, elongated, club-shaped conidia with a hyaline structure, growing out of the round, dark, thick-walled stromatic cell, and formation of 2−3 septate main axis on the mature conidia. Ingold (1942) and Tubaki (1957) reported that C. aquatica forms solitary aleuriospores with no additional spore production but Petersen (1962) found some aleuriophores which produce successive spore scars indicating that proliferation through the scar occurred. Clavariopsis DeWild. must not be confused with its later homonym, Clavariopsis Holtermann (Basidiomycetes), over which it takes priority. Sequence data is lacking for Clavariopsis. Fresh collections with DNA sequence data are needed to confirm the generic placement of Clavariopsis.
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