Botryostroma
Botryostroma Höhn., Sber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math. -naturw. Kl., Abt. 1 120: 424 (1911).
Index Fungorum number: IF 636; Facesoffungi number: FoF 09036, 3 morphological species (Species Fungorum 2022), no molecular data available.
Saprobic on leaves of unidentified host. Sexual morph: Unknown. Asexual morph: Conidiomata pycnidial, small, very dense or compact, rounded, circular or irregular, black, verrucose, growing from a subcuticular hypostroma, forming a thin single-celled, pseudoparenchymatous, translucent olive-brown crust, depressed in the dried state, papillate. Conidiomata wall outer layer thick, 7–8 layered, composed of thick-walled dark brown to black cells of textura globulosa, innermost wall thin, 2–3 layered of textura angularis, becoming hyaline. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells cylindrical or slightly irregular, short, sparsely branched, mostly at the base, hyaline or very pale brown, septate, smooth. Conidia straight, curved or irregular, truncate at the base, obtuse at apex, hyaline or pale brown, multiseptate, usually thin and smooth-walled or verruculose (adapted from Pem et al. 2019c).
Type species: Botryostroma inaequale (G. Winter) Höhn.
Notes: Botryostroma is characterised by pycnidial, small, very dense or compact conidiomata, cylindrical or slightly irregular, short conidiogenous cells, and straight, curved or irregular, hyaline or pale brown, multiseptate conidia. Muller and Arx (1962) referred Botryostroma to Venturiaceae based on the obclavate or fusiform asci, and lightly pigmented, apiosporous ascospores. Kirk et al. (2013) and Wijayawardene et al. (2017) referred Botryostroma to Dothideomycetes, genera incertae sedis. Pem et al. (2019c) re-studied the holotype specimen of the basionym of Botryostroma inaequale (as Lizonia inaequalis) (S F10863) and retained Botryostroma in Dothideomycetes, genera incertae sedis due to lack of morphological characters and other evidence. The generic placement of Botryostroma is uncertain. Fresh collections with DNA sequence data are needed to confirm the taxonomic placement of Botryostroma.
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