Paranectriella
Paranectriella (Henn. ex Sacc. & D. Sacc.) Magnus., Botan. Zbl. 98: 587 (1905).
Index Fungorum number: IF 3708; Facesoffungi number: FoF 07887, 8 morphological species (Species Fungorum 2022), no molecular data available.
Parasitic on lower surface of leaves of Nectandra sp. Sexual morph: Ascostromata up to 1 mm diam., superficial, solitary, sometimes in groups, pale yellow to vinaceous buff, stipitate, covered by hairy setae, multi-loculate. Locules globose-subglobose, slightly flattened at apex, non-ostiolate. Peridium composed of cells of textura prismatica to oblonga, hyaline to pale brown. Hamathecium comprising numerous filiform, branched, anastomosing, hyaline pseudoparaphyses, embedded in a gelatinous matrix. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, oblong, elongate to cylindrical-clavate, rounded at apex, obtuse at base. Ascospores 1–2-seriate, fusiform, widest near central septum, tapering towards narrow ends, 3-septate, slightly constricted at septum, with continuous basal appendage, hyaline, smooth-walled. Asexual morph: hyphomycetous, staurosporous, Guelichia, Tetranacrium (adapted from Hyde et al. 2013).
Type species: Paranectriella juruana (Henn.) Höhn.
Notes: Paranectriella was introduced as a subgenus of Paranectria. Saccardo and Saccardo (1905) validated Paranectriella. Von Höhnel (1910) raised Paranectriella to generic rank. Paranectriella is characterised by multi-loculate ascomata, globose-subglobose locules, elongate to cylindrical-clavate asci and 3-septate ascospores slightly constricted at the septa. Pirozynski (1977) redescribed the type species P. juruana and considered Paranectriella with bitunicate asci different from Paranectria which has unitunicate asci. Barr (1980) proposed the placement of Paranectriella in Tubeufiaceae based on its tropical hyperparasitic lifestyle. Rossman (1987) accepted Paranectriella in Tubeufiaceae. The asexual morph of Paranectriella are hyphomycetous and staurosporous found in Araneomyces and Titaea (Hyde et al. 2011). Wijayawardene et al. (2014a) synonymized Araneomyces under Paranectriella. Hyde et al. (2013) erected a new family Paranectriellaceae to accommodate Paranectriella together with Puttemansia based on the bright colored ascostroma, and hyaline, mostly 3-septate ascospores with appendages. Boonmee et al. (2014) provided an updated description and illustration of Paranectriella based on an authentic specimen of Paranectriella juruana (BPI 632134). Boonmee et al. (2014) excluded Paranectriella from Tubeufiaceae based on morphology namely bright ascostromata and ascospores with appendages while members of Tubeufiaceae have cylindrical ascospores and hyphomycetous, helicosporous asexual morphs. Paranectriella is morphologically a distinct and type genus of Paranectriellaceae but lacks molecular data. Fresh collections with DNA sequence data are needed to confirm the taxonomic placement of Paranectriella.
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