Selenophoma
Selenophoma Maire, Bull. Soc. bot. Fr. 53: clxxxvii (1907).
Index Fungorum number: IF 9869; Facesoffungi number: FoF 00109, 83 morphological species (Species Fungorum 2022), 6 species with molecular data.
Mycelium immersed, branched, septate, pale brown. Sexual morph: Unknown. Asexual morph: Conidiomata pycnidial or avervular, separate or aggregated, scattered, immersed or superficial, globose, dark brown, uniloculate, thin-walled; walls 2–3 layers thick, composed of brown, thick-walled, large celled, textura angularis, lacking ostioles, dehiscence by circular or irregular rupture of upper wall. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells or hyaline, irregularly branched at the base and above, 1–3-septate, smooth. Conidiogenous cells enteroblastic, phialidic, discrete, determinate, hyaline to pale brown, smooth, subglobose, obpyriform or obovoid, collarette and channel minute, with apical periclinal thickening, guttulate, formed from the inner cell of the pycnidial wall, slightly tapered toward the apex. Conidia holoblastic, aseptate, falcate, fusiform, ellipsoidal to obovoid, eguttulate or irregularly guttulate, smooth-walled, at first thin-walled, hyaline or pale brown, later pale brown with thicker walls and verruculose (adapted from Thambugala et al. 2014).
Type species: Selenophoma catananches Maire
Notes: Selenophoma is characterised by pycnidial or avervular conidiomata, enteroblastic, phialidic, discrete, determinate, hyaline to pale brown conidiogenous cells, and fusiform, ellipsoidal to obovoid conidia. Vanterpool (1947) described Selenophoma linicola while Chona and Munjal (1956) reported S. eugeniae as a saprobe on Eugenia operculata from India. Sutton (1980) added five species to Selenophoma and transferred the graminicolous Selenophoma taxa to Pseudoseptoria. The type species S. catananches differs from Selenophoma species in having a small part of the conidia that turns pale brown with thicker walls and develops verruculose ornamentation (Sutton 1980). Crous et al. (2003) added Sydowia eucalypti characterised by a Selenophoma asexual morph and coniothyrium-like and hormonema-like synasexual morphs. Sutton (1996) introduced S. anniae and Cheewangkoon et al. (2009) introduced S. australiensis with Hormonema as a synasexual morph. In a phylogenetic analysis Thambugala et al. (2014), found three Selenophoma species clustered in three distinct clades with S. australiensis forming a sister group to Pseudosydowia and S. linicola to Pseudoseptoria and this is similar to the results shown by Hongsanan et al. (2020a). Currently, Selenophoma is a distinct genus in Saccotheciaceae but fresh collections and DNA sequence data are needed to confirm the correct taxonomic placement of the genus.
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