Columnosphaeria
Columnosphaeria Munk, Dansk bot. Ark. 15(no. 2): 103 (1953).
Index Fungorum number: IF 1193; Facesoffungi number: FoF 00100, 4 morphological species (Species Fungorum 2022), 1 species with molecular data.
Saprobic or parasitic on dead wood or leaves in terrestrial habitats. Sexual morph: Ascostromata black to dark brown, immersed under the host tissue or erumpent, solitary or gregarious or scattered, globose to subglobose, unilocular, ostiolate at maturity usually by dehiscence of the thin wall apex. Peridium of several layers, dark brown wall cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium lacking pseudoparaphyses. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, clavate to cylindro-clavate, short pedicellate, apically rounded. Ascospores uni-seriate or irregularly bi-seriate, partially overlapping, hyaline to brown, aseptate, ellipsoidal-fusiform, or fusiform, smooth-walled, sometimes with a thin mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: aureobasidium-like; Colonies white to black. Conidiogenous cells intercalary or terminal, forming blastic conodia, denticulate or with minute scar. Conidia aseptate, rarelyuniseptate, hyaline, smooth, elliptic-oblong. Secondary conidia and endoconidia are sometimes produced (adapted from Sivanesan 1984 and Thambugala et al. 2014).
Type species: Columnosphaeria sarothamni Munk
Notes: Arx and Müller (1954, 1975) and Munk (1957) considered Columnosphaeria as a synonym of Guignardia. Sivanesan (1984) synonymized Columnosphaeria under Discosphaerina and C. sarothamni under D. cytisi. Luttrell (1973) treated Columnosphaeria in Dothideaceae. Barr (2001) synonymized Discosphaerina fagi with Columnosphaeria fagi and transferred Columnosphaeria to Dothioraceae based on morphology. In the phylogenetic analysis of Thambugala et al. (2014), Columnosphaeria (Discosphaerina) formed a lineage in Dothideaceae. Thambugala et al. (2014) re-examined the type specimen of Columnosphaeria and C. fagi and accepted Columnosphaeria in Aureobasidiaceae based on morphology and phylogeny. This treatment was followed by Hongsanan et al. (2020a). Columnosphaeria is a distinct genus in Aureobasidiaceae but DNA sequence data is missing for the type species. More taxa and DNA sequence data are needed to confirm the status of Columnosphaeria.
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