Plowrightia ribesia
Plowrightia ribesia (Pers.) Sacc., Syll. fung. (Abellini) 2: 635 (1883).
≡ Sphaeria ribesia Pers., Ann. Bot. (Usteri) 11: 24 (1794).
Index Fungorum number: IF 232542; Facesoffungi number: FoF 00089, Fig. 1
Description: see Thambugala et al. (2014).
Material considered: see Thambugala et al. (2014).
Fig. 1 Plowrightia ribesia (MFLU 14–0040, holotype, modified from Fig. 10 in Thambugala et al. 2014). a, b Appearance of ascostromata on the host surface. c Section through ascostroma. d Peridium. e, f Asci. g–j Ascospores. Scale bars: b = 1000 μm, c = 100 μm, d = 20 μm, e–j = 10 μm.
Importance and distribution
Species of Plowrightia are parasitic and attack living hosts by penetrating their outer defense hence causing disease and sometimes death of the host plant (Thambugala et al. 2014). Plowrightia may be of quarantine concern as it causes formation of dark brown to black knots of branches of several plants such as plums, prunes, cherries (Earle 1901). Although there are 56 Plowrightia epithets in Index Fungorum (2022), several species have been transferred to other genera such as Anisogramma, Apiosporina, Coccodothella, Coccostromopsis, Dothidea, Dothidella, Dothidotthia, Fusicoccum, Microcyclus, Otthiella, Phyllachora, Planistromella, Polythrincium, Scirrhia, Sydowia, Uleodothis and Xenomeris. Plowrightia comprises 17 species known on a wide range of hosts such as Abies grandis (Pinaceae), Agave americana (Asparagaceae), Artemisia sp. (Asteraceae), Atalantia monophylla (Rutaceae), Berberis buxifolia (Berberidaceae), Betula pubescens (Betulaceae), Cinnamomum camphora (Lauraceae), Clematis tianschanica (Ranunculaceae), Hippophae rhamnoides (Elaeagnaceae), Mahonia aquifolium (Berberidaceae), Parthenocissus quinquefolia (Vitaceae), Prunus sp. (Rosaceae), Ribes curvatum (Grossulariaceae), Spatholobus apoensis (Leguminosae), Staphylea trifolia (Staphyleaceae), Symphoricarpos occidentalis (Caprifoliaceae), Viburnum tinus (Adoxaceae) and Yucca gloriosa (Asparagaceae). Plowrightia species are known from Asia (Armenia, China, India, Japan, Philippines), Central America (Guatemala), Europe (Czech Republic, Sweden, Ukraine, United Kingdom), North America (Mexico, The United States) and South America (Chile).
References
Barr ME. 1987 – Prodomus to class Loculoascomycetes. Publ. by the author, Amherst.
Lumbsch HT, Huhndorf SM. 2010 – Outline of Ascomycota 2009. Myconet 14, 1–64.
Thambugala K, Ariyawansa H, Li Y, Boonmee S et al. 2014 – Dothideales. Fungal diversity 68, 105–158.
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