Phaeocryptopus
Phaeocryptopus Naumov, Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 30(1): 424 (1915).
Index Fungorum number: IF 3902; Facesoffungi number: FoF 00086, 6 morphological species (Species Fungorum 2022), 2 species with molecular data.
Growing on conifer needles. Sexual morph: Ascostromata black, globose to globose-depressed, erumpent or superficial, uniloculate, irregularly ostiolate, base embedded in the matrix, fused to erumpent hypostroma. Hamathecium lacking pseudoparaphyses. Asci 8-spored, cylindrical to cylindrical clavate, sessile and rounded at apex with a small ocular chamber. Ascospores uniseriate to triseriate, partially overlapping, hyaline, uniseptate, constricted at the septum, clavate or oblong with rounded ends, smooth-walled (Saccardo 1925; Von Arx and Müller 1954). Asexual morph: Unknown (adapted from Thambugala et al. 2014).
Type species: Phaeocryptopus nudus (Peck) Petr.
Notes: Phaeocryptopus was introduced by Naumov (1914) with P. abietis as type species, of which the current name is now P. nudus (Asterina nuda Peck). Phaeocryptopus is characterised by black, globose to globose-depressed, erumpent or superficial, uniloculate ascostromata, cylindrical to cylindrical clavate asci and hyaline, uniseptate ascospores. Petrak (1938) added three species P. gaeumannii, P. nudus and P. pinastri to Phaeocryptopus. Petrak (1962) added P. podocarpi while Butin (1970) included P. araucariae and P. australis. Farr (1984) transferred P. saxegotheae from Dimerosporium to Phaeocryptopus. Müller and Arx (1950) treated Phaeocryptopus in Venturiaceae and this were followed by Barr (1987). The asexual states of Phaeocryptopus are considered to be Rhizosphaera but this relationship has not been confirmed with molecular data (Winton et al. 2007; Thambugala et al. 2014). In the phylogenetic analyses of Winton et al. (2007) and Schoch et al. (2009), Phaeocryptopus clustered in Mycosphaerellaceae but the strain P. nudus nested in Dothioraceae, Dothideales. In the phylogenetic examination of Thambugala et al. (2014), Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii, R.oudemansii, Plowrightia abietis and Phaeocryptopus nudus clustered together and hence were all included in Phaeocryptopus but DNA sequence data is lacking for Rhizosphaera and this subclade needs revision. In the multi-gene analysis of Hongsanan et al. (2020a), P. nudus formed a distinct lineage with high bootstrap support in Dothideaceae. Molecular markers available for Phaeocryptopus are ITS, LSU, SSU, BTUB, TEF-1 and RPB2.
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