Zwackhiomyces coepulonus
Zwackhiomyces coepulonus (Norman) Grube & R. Sant., in Grube & Hafellner, Nova Hedwigia 51(3-4): 310 (1990).
≡ Arthopyrenia coepulona Norman, Bot. Notiser: 192 (1868) [1867].
Index Fungorum number: IF 126712; Facesoffungi number: FoF 11918, Fig. 1, 2
Description: see Calatayud et al. (2007).
Material examined: see Calatayud et al. (2007).
Fig. 1 Zwackhiomyces echinulatus (M-0141713, holotype). a Mature ascus, young ascus, and hamathecial filaments. b Ascospores. Scale bar = 20 μm.
Fig. 2 Zwackhiomyces spp. (a–f Z. khodosovtsevii KHER 11919, holotype). a Superficial ascomata on the thallus of Verrucaria cf. nigrescens. b Section through ascomata. c Peridium. d Ascus with ascospores. e, f Ascospores. (g–m Z. polischukii KHER 7208, holotype) g Ascomata (arrows) on thallus of Bacidia fraxinea. h Section through ascoma. i Peridium. j Paraphysoids (in KOH) k Ascus (in KOH). l, m Ascospores (in water). Scale bars: a = 0.5 mm, b = 200 μm, c–f, i, k–m = 10 μm, g = 500 μm, h = 100 μm, j = 20 μm.
Importance and distribution
Zwackhiomyces comprises 26 species. They are lichenicolous living on the thalli or ascomata of lichenized fungi but cause no visible damage to the host hence, are assumed to be commensals (Gams et al. 2004; Diederich and Schultz 2009). Zwackhiomyces is reported from Africa (Namibia), Asia (Papua New Guinea, Turkey) and Europe (France, Italy, Poland, Spain).
References
Alstrup V, Olech M. 1993 – Lichenicolous fungi from Spitsbergen. Polish Polar Research 14, 33–42.
Alstrup V. 1993 – News on lichens and lichenicolous fungi from the Nordic countries. Graphis Scripta 5, 96–104.
Aptroot A, Diederich P, Serusiaux E, Sipman HJM. 1997 – Lichens and lichenicolous fungi from New Guinea. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 64, 1–220.
Brackel Wolfgang. 2008 – Zwackhiomyces echinulatus sp. nov. and other lichenicolous fungi from Sicily, Italy. Herzogia 21, 181–198.
Calatayud V, Triebel D, Pérez-Ortega S. 2007 – Zwackhiomyces cervinae, a new lichenicolous fungus (Xanthopyreniaceae) on Acarospora, with a key to the known species of the genus. Lichenologist 39.
Calatayud V, Triebel D. 2003 –Three new species of Stigmidium s. l. (lichenicolous ascomycetes) on Acarospora and Squamarina. Lichenologist 35, 103–116.
Diederich P, Schultz M. 2009 – Zwackhiomyces namibiensis, a new lichenicolous ascomycete (Xanthopyreniaceae) on Psorotichia from Namibia. Herzogia 22, 173–176.
Gams W, Diederich P, Põldmaa K. 2004 – Fungicolous fungi. In: Biodiversity of fungi: inventory and monitoring methods (GM Mueller GF Bills & MS Foster, eds). Elsevier Academic Press, Amsterdam, 343–392.
Hafellner J, John V. 2006 – UberFunde lichenicoler nich-lichenisierte Pilze in der Turkei, mit einer Synopsis der bisher im Land nachgewiesenen Taxa. Herzogia 19, 155–176.
Harris RC. 1995 – More Florida Lichens. Including the 10¢ Tour of the Pyrenolichens. Published by the author, Bronx, N.Y
Hawksworth DL, Atienza V. 1994 – The lichenicolous fungi described by Veli Rasanen. Acta Botanica Fennica 150, 47–55.
Hawksworth DL, Miadlikowska J. 1997 – New species of lichenicolous fungi occurring on Peltigera in Ecuador and Europe. Mycological Research 101, 1127–1134.
Hoffmann N, Hafellner J. 2000 – Eine Revision der lichenicolen Arten der Sammelgattungen Guignardia und Physalospora. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 77, 1–190.
Miadlikowska J, Alstrup V. 1995 – Some peltigericolous fungi and lichens mainly from Poland. Graphis Scripta 7, 7–10.
Orange A. 2002 – Lichenicolous fungi on Ionaspis lacustris. Mycotaxon 81, 265–279.
Pérez-Ortega S, Garrido-Benavent I, Grube M, Olmo R, De los Ríos A. 2016 – Hidden diversity of marine borderline lichens and a new order of fungi: Collemopsidiales (Dothideomyceta). Fungal Diversity 80, 285–300.
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