Collemopsidium
Collemopsidium Nyl., Flora, Regensburg 64: 6 (1881).
Index Fungorum number: IF 1182; Facesoffungi number: FoF 07655, 16 morphological species (Species Fungorum 2022), 3 species with molecular data (Pérez-Ortega et al. 2016).
Crustose, epilithic or endolithic, or lichenicolous forms. Photobiont cyanobacteria, filamentous or coccoid. Sexual morph: Perithecioid ascomata, solitary, unilocular, with a distinct involucrellum or not. Exciple carbonized to hyaline, prosoplectenchymatous to pseudoplectenchymatous, branched and anastomosing, often irregularly thick, net-like physes, hymenial gel I. Asci bitunicate, fissitunicate, with ocular chamber, ovoid to subcylindrical, usually stalked, I-. Ascospores hyaline, oblong to ovoid-fusiform, 1- septate, gelatinous perispore usually present. Asexual morph: Conidiomata pycnidial, conidiogenous cells cylindrical. Conidiogenesis phialidic. Conidia bacilliform to ellipsoid; lacking secondary substances (adapted from Pérez-Ortega et al. 2016).
Type species: Collemopsidium iocarpum (Nyl.) Nyl.
Notes: Collemopsidium is characterised by solitary, unilocular perithecioid, carbonized to hyaline exciple, ovoid to subcylindrical asci and hyaline, oblong to ovoid-fusiform, uniseptate ascospores. Collemopsidium differs from other lichenicolous genera such as Strigulaceae in having net-like physes and photobiont. Collemopsidium differs from members of Monoblastiales in having irregular thick net-like physes and prosoplectenchymatous exciple. Grube and Ryan (2002) re-examined the type specimen of C. iocarpum and Pyrenocollema and reported that Collemopsidium is the correct generic name for members previously allocated to Pyrenocollema since the type species of Pyrenocollema, P. tremelloides is a commensal of leafy Nostoc colonies predominant in fresh water habitat (Santesson 1939, Ryan & Grube 2002). Mohr et al. (2004) accepted six species of marine Collemopsidium collected from northwest Europe based on morphology and phylogenetic analysis of ITS1 sequence data. Pérez-Ortega et al. (2016) reported that Collemopsidium is paraphyletic based on phylogenetic analysis of LSU, SSU, TEF-1, RPB1 and RPB2 sequence data and some taxa found in marine habitats and freshwater habitats clustered separately. Pérez-Ortega et al. (2016) accepted Collemopsidium as a distinct genus in Xanthopyreniaceae based on morphology and phylogenetic evidence and introduced the new order Collemopsidiales. Collemopsidium is a distinct but paraphyletic genus in Xanthopyreniaceae. More specimens with DNA sequence data will help to solve the paraphyletic nature of the genus. Molecular markers available for Collemopsidium are ITS, LSU, SSU, RPB2, TEF-1 and mtSSU.
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