Baudoinia compniacensis
Baudoinia compniacensis (Richon) J.A. Scott & Unter., in Scott et al., Mycologia 99(4): 595 (2007).
≡ Torula compniacensis Richon, Revue mycol. Toulouse 3(no. 11): 17 (1881).
Index Fungorum number: IF 510727; Facesoffungi number: FoF 11367, Fig. 1, 2
Description:
Extremophilic saprotroph on host substrate. Sexual morph: Unknown. Asexual morph: Mycelium dark brown to black, effused, velvety to crust-like, granulated. Vegetative hyphae dark brown, thick-walled, moniliform. Conidiophores lacking. Conidiogenous cells integrated within vegetative hyphae. Conidia 8−12 × 6−8 µm (x̄ = 9.7 × 7.1 µm, n = 10), dry, nonseptate oruniseptate at the median, deeply constricted at the septa, thick-walled, globose to barrel-shaped, brown to olivaceous brown to black, usually with verrucose ornamentation, dehiscencing by schizolysis. Ramoconidia absent.
Material examined: France, on walls, 1 July 1887, Roumeguère C (BR5020145673766).
Fig. 1 Baudoinia compniacensis (BR5020145673766). a–c Herbarium material. d Squash mount of mycelium. e–m Conidiophores. n–s Conidia. Scale bars: d, n–s = 10 μm, e–m = 20 μm.
Fig. 2 Baudoinia compniacensis (re-drawn from Richon and Petit 1881). a Gross appearance of fungus. b Conidia and conidiophores. c Conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Importance and distribution
Baudoinia species are extremophiles and have diverse roles. They have a preference for airborne alcohol and are commonly known as whiskey fungus. They use ethanol for their carbon source (Byland 2012). They cause black, sooty growth on the walls and roof tiles of buildings mainly near distilleries or places where automotive fuel is stored (Scott et al. 2007). Baudoinia comprises five species isolated from PVC pipe, exterior of buildings, walls and bark of Picea (Pinaceae). Baudoinia is reported from Asia (South Korea), Canada (Ontario), Caribbean (Barbados) and Europe (United Kingdom, France).
Biochemical importance of the genus, chemical diversity or applications
Baudoinia is an alcohol borne fungus and may produce important enzymes such as alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and unknown compounds of interest that help them to survive extreme conditions (Scott et al. 2008). There is report of ethanol activate stress response proteins together with those activated by heat shock in Baudonia (Ewaze et al. 2007).
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