Schizothyrium acerinum
Schizothyrium acerinum Desm., Annls Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 3 11(2): 361 (1849).
Index Fungorum number: IF 178505; Facesoffungi number: FoF 01934, Fig. 1
Description: see Phookamsak et al. (2016).
Material considered: see Phookamsak et al. (2016).
Fig. 1 Schizothyrium acerinum (BR5020103861716, lectotype). a Herbarium material and appearance of ascostromata on the host surface. b Section through ascostromata. c Peridium. d Network-like structure in horizontal section. e, f Asci. g–j Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 500 µm, b = 200 µm, c, g–j = 10 µm, d–f = 20 µm.
Importance and distribution
Schizothyrium species are foliicolous and are leaf dweller or leaf infecting fungi. They can parasitize important host plants (e.g. apple (Malus, Rosaceae) and cause sooty blotch and flyspeck (SBFS) (Batzer et al. 2005). There are 49 Schizothyrium epithets in Index Fungorum (2022), but many species have been synonymized and transferred to other genera including Hypoderma, Leptopeltis, Naevala, Ploettnera, Schizothyrella, Schizothyrioma and Vladracula. Schizothyrium comprises 40 species known on various plant families including Acanthaceae, Adoxaceae, Aquifoliaceae, Araliaceae, Combretaceae, Ericaceae, Fagaceae, Leguminosae, Moraceae, Myrsinaceae, Poaceae, Primulaceae, Rosaceae, Salicaceae, and Sapindaceae. Schizothyrium has a worldwide distribution and is more commonly reported from Africa (Ghana), Asia (China (Taiwan), Hong Kong, India, Japan, Philippines), Europe (Portugal), North America (Caribbean, the The United States) and South America (Guyana, Paraguay). Schizothyrium is a diverse genus with wide host and geographical distribution.
References
Batzer JC, Arias MMD, Harrington TC, Gleason ML 2008 – Four species of Zygophiala (Schizothyriaceae, Capnodiales) are associated with the sooty blotch and flyspeck complex on apple. Mycologia 100(2), 246–258.
Batzer JC, Gleason ML, Harrington TC, Tiffany LH 2005 – Expansion of the sooty blotch and flyspeck complex on apples based on analysis of ribosomal DNA gene sequences and morphology. Mycologia 97(6), 1268–1286.
Desmazières JBHJ 1849 – Dix-septième notice sur les plantes cryptogames récemment découvertes en France. Annales des Sciences Naturelles Botanique. 11, 339–365.
Durbin RD, Davis LH, Snyder WC, Baker KF 1953 – The imperfect stage of Mycothyriella rubi, cause of flyspeck of apple. Phytopathology 43, 470–471.
Eriksson OE 1981 – The families of bitunicate ascomycetes. Opera Botanica 60, 1–220.
Gao L, Zhang M, Zhao W, Hao L et al. 2014 – Molecular and morphological analysis reveals five new species of Zygophiala associated with flyspeck signs on plant hosts from China. PLoS ONE 9(10), e110717.
Hyde KD, Jones EBG, Liu JK, Ariyawansa HA et al. 2013 – Families of Dothideomycetes. Fungal Diversity 63, 1–313.
Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA 2008 – Ainsworth & Bisby’s dictionary of the fungi, 10th edn. CABI, Wallingford.
Ma Y, Zhang R, Sun G, Zhu H, Tang M, Batzer JC, Gleason ML 2010 – A new species of Zygophiala associated with the flyspeck complex on apple from China. Mycological Progress 9, 151–155.
Phookamsak R, Boonmee S, Norphanphoun C, Wanasinghe DN et al. 2016 – Schizothyriaceae. Mycosphere 7, 154–189.
Rossman AY, Crous PW, Hyde KD, Hawksworth DL et al. 2015 – Recommended names for pleomorphic genera in Dothideomycetes. IMA Fungus 6(2), 507–523.
Wijayawardene NN, Crous PW, Kirk PM, Hawksworth DL et al. 2014 including proposals for the protection or suppression of generic names. Fungal Diversity 69, 1–55.
Wijayawardene NN, McKenzie EHC, Hyde KD 2012 – Towards incorporating anamorphic fungi in a natural classification – checklist and notes for 2011. Mycosphere 3(2), 157–228.
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