Dissoconium
Dissoconium de Hoog, Oorschot & Hijwegen, Proceedings van de Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen Section C 86 (2): 198 (1983).
Index Fungorum number: IF 11074; Facesoffungi number: FoF 06641, 5 morphological species (Species Fungorum 2021), 4 species with molecular data.
Mycelium internal and external, consisting of branched, septate, smooth, hyaline to pale brown hyphae, that anastomose, forming nets in culture. Sexual morph: Unknown, producing yellow pigment and black sclerotia in culture. Asexual morph: Conidiophores separate, arising from hyphae, subcylindrical, subulate or lageniform to cylindrical, tapering to a bluntly rounded or truncate apex, straight to once geniculate, smooth, medium brown, 0–2-septate; loci terminal and lateral, visible as slightly thickened, darkened scars on a rachis; proliferation sympodial but also appearing to be percurrent. Primary conidia solitary, pale olivaceous-brown, smooth, ellipsoid to obclavate, uniseptate; hila somewhat darkened. Secondary conidia developing adjacent to primary conidia, pale olivaceous to subhyaline, aseptate, smooth, obclavate to ellipsoid; conidium discharge active, usually with both conidial types being discharged simultaneously. One or more secondary conidia anastomosing with primary conidium once discharged (adapted from Li et al. 2012; Crous et al. 2009).
Type species: Dissoconium aciculare de Hoog, Oorschot & Hijwegen
Notes: Dissoconium is characterised by subcylindrical conidiophores, solitary, pale olivaceous-brown primary and secondary conidia. Some species of Dissoconium have a mycosphaerella-like teleomorph (Crous et al. 2004). In the phylogenetic analysis of Crous et al. (2004), Dissoconium clustered between Teratosphaeriaceae and Schizothyriaceae while in those of (Crous et al. 2009), it clustered together with Ramichloridium apiculatum in a distinct lineage. Dissoconium is currently accommodated in its own family Dissoconiaceae and is well-supported based on both morphology and phylogeny (Crous et al. 2009). Molecular markers available for Dissoconium are ITS, LSU, SSU, Actin, Calmodulin, Histone, RPB2 and TEF-1.
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