Conidiocarpus
Conidiocarpus Woron., in Jaczewski, Key to fungi (fungi imperfecti) 2: 743 (1917).
= Phragmocapnias Theiss. & Syd., Annls mycol. 15(6): 480 (1918) [1917].
Index Fungorum number: IF 7751; Facesoffungi number: FoF 06946, 13 morphological species (Species Fungorum 2022), 7 species with molecular data.
Saprobic on host. Thallus thin, dark brown, easily removed from the host surface, composed of cylindrical hyphae. Superficial hyphae branched, septate, slightly constricted and dark at the septa, pale brown to brown. Sexual morph: Ascomata superficial, solitary, subglobose, narrowly rounded above, constricted at the base, dark brown to black, ostiole present at maturity, thin-walled, with 3–4 ascomatal setae at the upper part of ascomata. Ascomatal setae aseptate, dark brown to reddish brown, but pale brown to hyaline at the apex. Peridium comprising cells of textura angularis, inner layer hyaline, outer layer dark brown to reddish brown. Hamathecium lacking pseudoparaphyses. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, subcylindrical to obovoid, short pedicellate or sometimes apedicellate, ocular chamber not observed. Ascospores bi to tri-seriate, cylindrical to clavate, 5-septate, slightly constricted at the septa, with narrow ends, somewhat tapering towards the base, hyaline, smooth-walled. Asexual morph: Unknown (adapted from Hongsanan et al. 2015).
Type species: Conidiocarpus caucasicus Woron.
Notes: Conidiocarpus is characterised by a dark, thin thallus, consisting of radiating, septate hyphae, easily detached from the host surfaces. The sexual morph is characterised by superficial ascomata with setae, asci with short pedicel or occasionally apedicellate, and cylindrical to clavate, multi-septate, hyaline ascospores. Conidiocarpus is considered the asexual morph of Phragmocapnias. Batista and Ciferri (1963) considered C. penzigii Woron. as the type species of Conidiocarpus. Several authors have mentioned the type species as C. penzigii. Bose et al. (2014) followed Hughes (1976) and transferred species of Phragmocapnias to Conidiocarpus based on the rules of nomenclature. Hongsanan et al. (2015) agreed with Bose et al. (2014) and used Conidiocarpus over Phragmocapnias. Bose et al. (2014) transferred all species of Phragmocapnias to Conidiocarpus except Phragmocapnias philippinensis. Hongsanan et al. (2015) synonymized P. philippinensis under Conidiocarpus philippinensis. Conidiocarpus differs from other genera in Capnodiaceae in having a pycnidia with a black stalk, and an upper brown swollen region producing conidia (Chomnunti et al. 2011). Conidiocarpus is a distinct and well-supported genus in Capnodiaceae. Molecular markers available for Conidiocarpus are LSU, SSU, ITS, RPB2 and TEF-1.
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