Melanops tulasnei
Melanops tulasnei Fuckel, Jb. nassau. Ver. Naturk. 23–24: 225 (1870) [1869–70].
≡ Dothidea melanops Tul., Annls Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 4 5: 116 (1856).
Index Fungorum number: IF 150956; Facesoffungi number: FoF 07444 , Fig. 1
Description:
Saprobic on host. Sexual morph: Unknown. Asexual morph: Conidiomata 2–3 mm wide, 1–2 mm high, pycnidial, multilocular, thick-walled, dark brown, immersed to semi-immersed. Individual locules 220–230 mm wide, 350–420 mm high. Peridium 30–40 μm comprising 3 layers with an outer thick-walled cell of dark-brown textura angularis, middle layer pale brown and inner layer nearly hyaline cells of textura angularis. Ostioles circular and central on each locule, non-papillate. Paraphyses 0.8–1.5 μm wide, filiform, septate, unbranched, arising between the conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells 1.9–3.0 × 4.4–5.6 μm (x̄ = 2.4 × 4.7 µm, n = 10), cylindrical, hyaline, unbranched, discrete, arise from the inner conidiomatal wall with one conidium at the tip and proliferating per currently to form one or two annellations. Conidia 30–45 × 4.6–8.6 μm (x̄ = 34.4 × 7 µm, n = 10), hyaline, aseptate, ellipsoidal to fusiform, wide in the middle, apex acute, base truncate, contents granular.
Material examined: Italy, Rocca delle Caminate - Predappio (province of Forlì-Cesena [FC]) on Quercus (Fagaceae), 2 March 2017, Erio Camporesi (MFLU 17-0726).
Fig. 1 Melanops tulasnei (MFLU 17-0726). a, b Appearance of conidiomata on host substrate. c Section through conidiomata. d Peridium. e Conidiogenous cells. f–h Conidia. i, j Culture characters on MEA (i: above view; j: reverse view). Scale bars: a = 5000 μm, b = 1000 μm, c = 50 μm, d = 20 μm, e, h = 30 μm, f, g = 10 μm.
Importance and distribution
There are 196 Melanops epithets in Index Fungorum (2022), several species have been transferred to other genera such as Arthopyrenia, Astrosphaeriella, Azbukinia, Botryodiplodia, Botryosphaeria, Chaetosphaeria, Chloridium, Clinoconidium, Dendrostoma, Dimerina, Fissuroma, Guignardia, Herpotrichia, Jahnula, Javaria, Kastanostachys, Kirschsteiniothelia, Lentomita, Leptosphaeria, Lophiotrema, Massarina, Melanopsamma, Metasphaeria, Microbotryum, Monascostroma, Nectria, Nitschkia, Peyronellaea, Phyllosticta, Physalospora, Placosphaeria, Pseudocercospora, Rosenscheldia, Sinodidymella, Sphaeropsis, Syncarpella, Thalassoascus, Trematosphaeria, Trichosphaeria, Ustilago, Vestergrenia and Zignoella. Melanops comprises 111 species known on a wide range of hosts such as Castanea mollissima (Fagaceae), Quercus sp. (Fagaceae), Capparis cynophallophora (Capparaceae), Euphorbia sp. (Euphorbiaceae), Helicteres jamaicensis (Malvaceae), Medinilla epiphytica (Melastomataceae), Mangifera indica (Anacardiaceae), Persea Americana (Lauraceae), Capparis horrida (Capparaceae), Rapanea sp. (Primulaceae), Rubia fruticosa (Rubiaceae), Aleurites moluccana (Euphorbiaceae) and Quercus borealis (Fagaceae). Melanops is reported from Africa (Tanzania), Asia (China, Myanmar, Philippines), Caribbean (Dominican Republic), Europe (Canary Islands, Germany) and The United States. Only three Melanops species have molecular data. Future studies must aim to re-collect species of Melanops and a revision of the genus is needed as several species that lack sequence data might belong to other genera.
References
Tulasne LR. 1856 – Note sur l’appareil reproducteur multiple des Hypoxylées (DC) ou Pyrénomycetes (Fr.). Annales des Sciences Naturelles Botanique 4e Série 5, 107–118.
von Arx JA, Müller E. 1954 – Die Gattungen der amerosporen Pyrenomyceten. Beiträge Kryptogamenflora Schweiz 11, 1–434.
Winter G. 1887 – Ascomyceten. Rabenhorst's Kryptogamen Flora 1,1–928.
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