Phaeobotryon
Phaeobotryon Theiss. & Syd., Annls mycol. 13(5/6): 664 (1915).
Index Fungorum number: IF 3892; Facesoffungi number: FoF 07629, 8 morphological species (Species Fungorum 2022), 6 species with molecular data.
Saprobic on dead wood. Sexual morph: Ascostromata black, immersed to erumpent, subglobose to ovoid, multilocular. Ostiole opening with a pore. Peridium consisting of layers of dark brown walled cells of textura angularis. Pseudoparaphyses hyphae like, septate, constricted at septa. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, clavate to cylindrical-clavate, short-pedicellate, apically rounded with an ocular chamber. Ascospores hyaline to brown, 2-septate, ellipsoid to broad fusiform, with or without an apiculus at each end, surrounded by a mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Conidiomata pycnidial, black, ostiolate, separate or aggregated, immersed to erumpent, unilocular or multilocular, ostiolate. Ostiole central, circular, non-papillate. Paraphyses hyaline, thin-walled, usually aseptate, sometimes becoming up to 2-septate. Conidiogenous cells holoblastic, hyaline, cylindrical to doliiform, smooth. Conidia brown, ellipsoid to oblong or obovoid, moderately thick-walled, ends rounded, 1(−2)-septate, mostly 2–septate, not constricted at septa (asexual morph description adapted from Phillips et al. 2008). Asexual morph is “Dothiorella”- like, but having conidia with up to two transverse septa.
Type species: Phaeobotryon cercidis (Cooke) Theiss. & Syd.
Notes: Phaeobotryon is characterised by pale brown to brown, 2-septate ascospores which were described as hyaline in the original description. Arx and Müller (1954, 1975) treated Phaeobotryon as a synonym of Botryosphaeria. Phillips et al. (2008) found that Phaeobotryon is morphologically and phylogenetically distinct from other genera in the Botryosphaeriaceae and reinstated Phaeobotryon. Phillips et al. (2008) added two new species P. mamane and P. quercicola based on morphological characters such as 2–septate, brown ascospores with a conical apiculus at each end. Subsequently, Abdollahzadeh et al. (2009) introduced the endophytic species, P. cupressi found in stems of Cupressus sempervirens. Asexual morphological characters and conidial sizes are used to differentiate species of Phaeobotryon. Some species such as P. cercidis, P. disruptum, P. euganeum were described based on the sexual stage morphology and no asexual morphs were reported. Phaeobotryon is a distinct genus and resides in Botryosphaeriaceae. Molecular markers available for Phaeobotryon are ITS, LSU, SSU, BTUB, RPB2 and TEF-1.
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