Dothiorella
Dothiorella Sacc., Michelia 2(no. 6): 5 (1880).
Index Fungorum number: IF 8098; Facesoffungi number: FoF 00148, 257 morphological species (Species Fungorum 2022), 44 species with molecular data.
Mycelium immersed, consisting of septate, branched, brown, finely verruculose hyphae. Sexual morph: Unknown. Asexual morph: Conidiomata pycnidial, unilocular, or multilocular, aggregated in eustromatic tissue, dark brown to black, immersed, thick-walled; outer layer consisting of dark brown, thick-walled textura angularis; inner layer of thin-walled, hyaline cells. Ostiole single, circular to irregular. Conidiophores hyaline, smooth, cylindrical, rarely branched. Conidiogenous cells integrated, hyaline, smooth, cylindrical, forming a single apical conidium. Conidia hyaline, thick-walled, aseptate, becoming dark brown, finely verruculose, guttulate, 1-euseptate with age (a few conidia were observed to develop one additional septum once on the host surface), ellipsoidal, apex obtuse, base truncate (adapted from Crous & Palm 1999).
Type species: Dothiorella pyrenophora Berk. ex Sacc.
Notes: Dothiorella is characterised by pycnidial, unilocular, or multilocular conidiomata, hyaline, smooth, cylindrical conidiophores and hyaline, thick-walled, aseptate conidia becoming 1-euseptate with age. There has been lots of confusion regarding the type specimen and generic concept of Dothiorella. Saccardo erected Dothiorella based on "Dothiora Berk." but this genus was not formally published while another ascomycete genus Dothiora Fr. was. When Berkeley (1860) described Dothiora Fr. he did not consider different names for asexual morphs and teleomorphs. Saccardo wanted to name the asexual morph separately so he introduced the asexual genus Dothiorella. Dothiorella pyrenophora is the basionym of Dothiora pyrenophora. Sutton (1977, 1980) provided explicit information regarding Dothiorella and Dothiora. Dothiorella differs from Diplodia and other similar genera such as Fusicoccum or Sphaeropsis in having brown anduniseptate conidia in immature stage while they are still attached to the conidiogenous cells. Sexual morphs of Dothiorella are characterised by pigmented, septate ascospores but the sexual stage is rarely found in nature and has never been reported in culture. Several authors have introduced new species of Dothiorella (Doilom et al. 2015, Dissanayake et al. 2016, You et al. 2017, Vaczy et al. 2018, Phookamsak et al. 2019). Dothiorella is a distinct genus in Botryosphaeriaceae but needs revision as several species lack sequence data and might belong to other genera. A phylogeny of ITS, TUB2 and tef1 sequence data has better resolving power to differentiate among species of Dothiorella. Molecular markers available for Dothiorella are ITS, LSU, SSU, Actin, BTUB, Histone, RPB2 and TEF-1.
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