Lichenoconium lichenicola
Lichenoconium lichenicola (P. Karst.) Petr. & Syd. [as 'lichenicolum'], Beih. Reprium nov. Spec. Regni veg. 42(1): 432 (1927) [1926].
≡ Dactylium dendroides subsp. lichenicola P. Karst., Meddn Soc. Fauna Flora fenn. 14: 107 (1887).
Index Fungorum number: IF 120789; Facesoffungi number: FoF 11848, Fig. 1
Description: see Hyde et al. (2013); Lawrey et al. (2011); Darmostuk (2019).
Material considered: see Hyde et al. (2013); Lawrey et al. (2011); Darmostuk (2019).
Fig. 1 Lichenoconium spp. a–g L. aeruginosum (Khodosovtsev 2011). a Pycnidia on host thallus. b Pycnidia wall in KОН solution and conidia. c, e Pycnidia on Evernia prunastri. d Pycnidia on Hypogymnia physodes. f Cross-section of pycnidia. g Conidia and conidiogenous cells. h–m L. lichenicola (KHER11094, KHER11311) h Pycnidia on host thallus. i Conidia. j Pycnidia on Lecanora carpinea. k Pycnidia on Lecanora argentata. l Section through pycnidia. m Conidia. n–r L. usneae (KHER1095) n Pycnidia (arrow) on host thallus with Abrothallus teloschistis. o Conidia. p Conidiogenous cell. q, r L. pyxidatae (KHER6178, KHER6179, KHER10004) q Pycnidia on host thallus. r Conidia. s L. xanthoriae (KHER10119, KHER10132, KHER11319) s Pycnidia on apothecia of Massjukiella polycarpa. Scale bars: a = 20 μm, b = 25 μm, f, g, m, o, p = 10 μm, c, e, i, j = 20 μm, l = 50 μm, d, h, k, n, q–s = 1 mm
Importance and distribution
Species of Lichenoconium are lichenicolous in search of a photobiont (Lawrey and Diederich 2003). There are 24 Lichenoconium epithets in Index Fungorum (2022), but several species have been transferred to Abrothallus, Lichenodiplis, Sarea and Xeroconium. Lichenoconium comprises 16 species known on wide range of hosts such as on Cladonia pocillum, over sandy soil (Cladoniaceae), on apothecia of Nodobryoria abbreviata, on fallen branches of conifer (Parmeliaceae), apothecia of Lecanora conizaeoides (Lecanoraceae), on thallus of Heterodea muelleri (Cladoniaceae), Parmelia sulcata (Parmeliaceae), Hypogymnia physodes (Parmeliaceae), Lobaria pulmonaria (Lobariaceae) on Ilex mitis (Aquifoliaceae), Lecanora subfusca (Lecanoraceae), on Sorbus aucuparia (Rosaceae), Pseudocyphellaria rubella (Peltigeraceae), Ramalina fraxinea (Ramalinaceae) and Xanthoria polycarpa (Teloschistaceae) and on hymenium of Haematomma stevensiae (Lecanoraceae). Lichenoconium is reported from Africa (Tanzania), Australia (New South Wales, Queensland), Europe (Denmark, Finland, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Sweden), New Zealand (Antipodean Island) and North America (Canada, The United States). Many Lichenoconium species are host specific while some occur on different genera (Lawrey et al. 2011).
References
Cole MS, Hawksworth DL. 2004 – Lichenoconium christiansenii sp. nov. from Nodobryoria abbreviata (Parmeliaceae) in the Pacific Northwest, with a key to the known lichenicolous species. Lichenologist 36, 1e6.
Darmostuk VV. 2019 – The genus Lichenoconium (Lichenoconiaceae, Ascomycota) in Ukraine. Ukrainian Botanical Journal 76, 101–113.
Hawksworth DL, 1977 – Taxonomic and biological observations on the genus Lichenoconium (Sphaeropsidales). Persoonia 9, 159e198.
Hyde KD, Jones EBG, Liu JK, Ariyawansa H et al. 2013 – Families of Dothideomycetes. Fungal Diversity 63, 1–313.
Kondratyuk SY, Galloway DJ. 1995 – Some new species of lichenicolous fungi. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 58, 235–244.
Lawrey J, Diederich P. 2003 – Lichenicolous Fungi: Interactions, Evolution, and Biodiversity. Bryologist 106, 80–120.
Lawrey JD, Diederich P, Nelsen MP, Sikaroodi M, Gillevet PM, Brand AM, van den Boom PPG. 2011– The obligately lichenicolous genus Lichenoconium represents a novel lineage in the Dothideomycetes. Fungal Biology 115, 176–187.
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